dse 地理 essay 输水计划的优缺点

Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Transfer Schemes

Advantages:

* Areas affected by water scarcity will no longer face restrictions in water use during dry periods.

* Jobs will be created as part of the construction of dams, aqueducts and pipelines.

* The multiplier effect will lead to local businesses benefitting from purchasing goods and services.

* Recreational opportunities as the result of the construction of dams and reservoirs.

* Reservoirs offer new habitats for plants and animals.

优点：

受缺水影响的地区在干旱时期将不再面临用水限制。

作为建造水坝、渡槽和管道的一部分，将创造就业机会。

乘数效应将导致当地企业从购买商品和服务中受益。

由于建造水坝和水库，提供了娱乐机会。

水库为动植物提供了新的栖息地。

Disadvantages:

* The dams and aqueducts (bridges used to transport water) that are needed are expensive to build.

* Building dams can have a negative environmental impact. This includes large-scale flooding of natural habitats.

*  Dams can disrupt fish migration.

* There might be political issues, e.g. people may not want water from their area transferred to another.

* There would be increased traffic and noise from the construction of dams to provide the extra capacity.

* The river flow downstream would be affected, along with the wildlife.

* Mixing water qualities.

* Alien species moving further afield.

* Climate change leaves schemes redundant when rainfall patterns change.

* Also, more land would be affected when pipes are run across it.

缺点：

所需的水坝和渡槽（用于输送水的桥梁）建造起来很昂贵。

建造水坝可能会对环境产生负面影响。 这包括自然栖息地的大规模洪水。

水坝可以扰乱鱼类的迁移。

可能存在政治问题，例如，人们可能不希望将他们所在地区的水转移到另一个地区。

建造大坝会增加交通和噪音，以提供额外的容量。

下游的河流流量将与野生动物一起受到影响。

外来物种正在向更远的地方移动。

当降雨模式发生变化时，气候变化使计划变得多余。

此外，当管道穿过土地时，更多的土地会受到影响。

Ps. Multiplier Effect（乘数效应）: the 'snowballing' of economic activity. e.g. If new jobs are created, people who take them have money to spend in the shops, which means that more shop workers are needed. The shop workers pay their taxes and spend their new-found money, creating yet more jobs in industries as diverse as transport and education.(resource: https://geographyfieldwork.com/GeographyVocabularyGCSEIndustry.htm)

(Resource: https://www.internetgeography.net/topics/water-transfer-in-the-uk/)