GCD简单使用

2016-07-28  本文已影响14人  iOS_Xue

队列类型

并发队列(Concurrent Dispatch Queue)任务并发(同步)执行
串行队列(Serial Dispatch Queue)任务顺序执行
全局队列(Global Queue)并发队列
主队列(Main Queue)串行队列
    /**
     *  lable : 队列名称
     *  attr : 队列类型,并发(ConCurrent),串行(Serial 或 NULL)
     */
    dispatch_queue_t conCurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("conCurrent", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_queue_t serialQueue = dispatch_queue_create("serial", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    
    dispatch_queue_t serialQueue1 = dispatch_queue_create("serial1", NULL);

    /**
     *  全局并发队列
     *  identifier : 优先级
     *  flags      : 设置为0即可
     */
    dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    
    /**
     *  主队列,串行队列
     */
    dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();

执行方式

同步执行-在当前线程执行
异步执行-在新线程执行
queue:队列
block:任务,需要进行的操作
    //同步任务
    dispatch_sync(<#dispatch_queue_t queue#>, <#^(void)block#>)
    //异步任务
    dispatch_async(<#dispatch_queue_t queue#>, <#^(void)block#>)

代码示例

开启新线程,串行执行任务。

dispatch_queue_t serialCurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("myQueue", NULL);
    dispatch_async(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-异步任务1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-异步任务2-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-异步任务3-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-异步任务4-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     执行完成
     串行队列-异步任务1-<NSThread: 0x7f9f32e1de80>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     串行队列-异步任务2-<NSThread: 0x7f9f32e1de80>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     串行队列-异步任务3-<NSThread: 0x7f9f32e1de80>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     串行队列-异步任务4-<NSThread: 0x7f9f32e1de80>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     */

开启新线程,同步执行任务。

dispatch_queue_t conCurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("myQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_async(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-异步任务1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-异步任务2-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-异步任务3-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-异步任务4-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     执行完成
     并发队列-异步任务1-<NSThread: 0x7fb751e1a6a0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
     并发队列-异步任务3-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d08830>{number = 6, name = (null)}
     并发队列-异步任务2-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d0ee50>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     并发队列-异步任务4-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d0f340>{number = 4, name = (null)}
     
     或
     
     并发队列-异步任务2-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d01d20>{number = 10, name = (null)}
     执行完成
     并发队列-异步任务1-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d06210>{number = 9, name = (null)}
     并发队列-异步任务3-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d0f400>{number = 11, name = (null)}
     并发队列-异步任务4-<NSThread: 0x7fb751d08830>{number = 8, name = (null)}
     */

不开启新线程,在主线程串行执行任务。

dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"主队列-异步任务1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"主队列-异步任务2-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"主队列-异步任务3-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"主队列-异步任务4-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     执行完成
     主队列-异步任务1-<NSThread: 0x7f8ccb601ec0>{number = 1, name = main}
     主队列-异步任务2-<NSThread: 0x7f8ccb601ec0>{number = 1, name = main}
     主队列-异步任务3-<NSThread: 0x7f8ccb601ec0>{number = 1, name = main}
     主队列-异步任务4-<NSThread: 0x7f8ccb601ec0>{number = 1, name = main}
     */

不开启新线程,串行执行任务。

dispatch_queue_t serialCurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("myQueue", NULL);
    
    dispatch_sync(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-同步任务1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-同步任务2-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-同步任务3-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(serialCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"串行队列-同步任务4-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     串行队列-同步任务1-<NSThread: 0x7f99c8600190>{number = 1, name = main}
     串行队列-同步任务2-<NSThread: 0x7f99c8600190>{number = 1, name = main}
     串行队列-同步任务3-<NSThread: 0x7f99c8600190>{number = 1, name = main}
     串行队列-同步任务4-<NSThread: 0x7f99c8600190>{number = 1, name = main}
     执行完成
     */

不开启新线程,串行执行任务。

dispatch_queue_t conCurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("myQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    dispatch_sync(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-同步任务1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-同步任务2-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-同步任务3-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_sync(conCurrentQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"并发队列-同步任务4-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     并发队列-同步任务1-<NSThread: 0x7fc1d2d08820>{number = 1, name = main}
     并发队列-同步任务2-<NSThread: 0x7fc1d2d08820>{number = 1, name = main}
     并发队列-同步任务3-<NSThread: 0x7fc1d2d08820>{number = 1, name = main}
     并发队列-同步任务4-<NSThread: 0x7fc1d2d08820>{number = 1, name = main}
     执行完成
     */

阻塞主线程

dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
    NSLog(@"任务开始");
    dispatch_sync(mainQueue, ^{
        NSLog(@"主队列-同步任务1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
     /*主队列等待同步任务完成,同步任务等待主队列执行完,相互等待,谁都完成不了。
     任务开始
     */

表格总结

全局、并发队列 自建串行队列 主队列
同步任务 不开启新线程;串行执行任务 不开启新线程;串行执行任务 造成死锁
异步任务 开启新线程;并发执行任务 开启新线程;串行执行任务 不开启新线程;串行执行任务


GCD调度组(线程组)

异步执行多个任务,当所有任务执行完成后,再执行某个任务。

代码示例

GCD线程间通讯

主队列=主线程=UI线程,所有的界面刷新都需要在主线程进行,子线程完成操作后,拿到主线程,在主线程进行刷新界面。

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);
    
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        //执行耗时任务
        //...
       
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            //在主线程进行界面刷新
            //...
        });
    });

GCD延时函数

//第一种
    [self performSelector:@selector(showMessage) withObject:nil afterDelay:2.0f];
    
    //第二种
    dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        //2秒后执行的操作
        //...
    });

GCD执行一次函数

提示方法
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        //只需要执行一次的代码
        //...
    });

GCD栅栏函数

在并发队列插入栅栏函数,会先执行栅栏函数之前的操作,再执行栅栏函数,最后执行栅栏函数后面的操作,起到栅栏的作用。

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("name", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
    
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"耗时操作1-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"耗时操作2-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    dispatch_barrier_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"栅栏函数-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"耗时操作3-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    dispatch_async(queue, ^{
        NSLog(@"耗时操作4-%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
    });
    
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     执行完成
     耗时操作2-<NSThread: 0x7ff4b2dad620>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     耗时操作1-<NSThread: 0x7ff4b2c04bc0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
     栅栏函数-<NSThread: 0x7ff4b2c04bc0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
     耗时操作4-<NSThread: 0x7ff4b2dad620>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     耗时操作3-<NSThread: 0x7ff4b2c04bc0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
     */

GCD-dispatch_apply()函数

提交任务到队列中多次执行,由队列决定并行还是串行。dispatch_apply为同步任务,执行完dispatch_apply才会执行下面的操作。

/*   iterations 执行的次数
     queue      提交到的队列
     size_t     索引,需要自己指定一个参数
     block      执行的任务

     dispatch_apply(size_t iterations, dispatch_queue_t queue, <#^(size_t)block#>)
*/
    dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0);
    
    dispatch_apply(4, globalQueue, ^(size_t index) {
       //执行的循环操作
        NSLog(@"次数%d-%@", index, [NSThread currentThread]);
        
    });
    NSLog(@"执行完成");
    /*
     次数0-<NSThread: 0x7f9da35020d0>{number = 1, name = main}
     次数1-<NSThread: 0x7f9da340be60>{number = 2, name = (null)}
     次数3-<NSThread: 0x7f9da3740740>{number = 4, name = (null)}
     次数2-<NSThread: 0x7f9da3608440>{number = 3, name = (null)}
     执行完成
     */

参考
多线程----GCD的基本使用
多线程----GCD的常用函数和单例模式

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