RxSwift基础(二):Observable和Observer

2017-12-08  本文已影响27人  Andy_Swift

Observable和Observer

理解了观察者模式这两个概念就很好理解了,Observable就是可被观察的,也就是我们说的宝宝,他也是事件源。而Observer就是我们的观察者,也就是当收到事件的时候去做某些处理的爸爸妈妈。观察者需要去订阅(subscribe)被观察者,才能收到Observable的事件通知消息。

创建和订阅被观察
下面创建被观察者其实就是创建一个Obserable的sequence,就是创建一个流,然后就可以被订阅subscribe,这样被观察者发出时间消失,我们就能做相应的处理。

DisposeBag
相当于iOS中的ARC似得,会在适当的时候销毁观察者,相当于内存管理者吧。

subscribe
subscribe是订阅sequence发出的事件,比如next事件,error事件等。而subscribe(onNext:)是监听sequence发出的next事件中的element进行处理,他会忽略error和completed事件。相对应的还有subscribe(onError:) 和 subscribe(onCompleted:)

常见的几种sequence

never
创建一个sequence,但是不发出任何事件信号。

A4A43435-F19D-4AEF-A5B1-B298677E84EC.png
code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
let neverSequence = Observable<String>.never()
let neverSequenceSubscription = neverSequence.subscribe { _ in
    print("This will never be printed")
  }.disposed(by: disposeBag)

result:

什么都不打印

empty
创建一个空的sequence,只能发出一个completed事件

C9D00690-D084-4373-A47C-3D919E4C39C5.png
code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
Observable<Int>.empty()
  .subscribe { event in
    print(event)
  }
  .disposed(by: disposeBag)

result:

completed

just
创建一个sequence只能发出一种特定的事件,能正常结束。

8E2E16BE-469A-4490-A566-85DB3468167A.png
Code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
Observable.just(":red_circle:")
    .subscribe { event in
        print(event)
    }
    .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

next(:red_circle:)
completed

of
of是创建一个sequence能发出很多种事件信号。

Code:

let disposeBag = DisposeBag()

Observable.of(":dog:", ":cat:", ":mouse:", ":hamster:")
    .subscribe(onNext: { element in
        print(element)
    })
    .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

:dog:
:cat:
:mouse:
:hamster:

如果把上面的onNext:去掉的话,结果会是这样子,也正好对应了我们subscribe中,subscribe只监听事件。

next(:dog:)
next(:cat:)
next(:mouse:)
next(:hamster:)
completed

from
from就是从集合中创建sequence,例如数组,字典或者Set.

Code:

let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
        
Observable.from([":dog:", ":cat:", ":mouse:", ":hamster:"])
    .subscribe(onNext: { print($0) })
    .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

:dog:
:cat:
:mouse:
:hamster:

create
create用于自定义可观察的sequence。

9DB90E87-8B33-439E-A024-9A345F6CD89A.png
Code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
        
        let myJust = { (element: String) -> Observable<String> in
            return Observable.create { observer in
                observer.on(.next(element))
                observer.on(.completed)
                return Disposables.create()
            }
        }
        myJust(":red_circle:")
            .subscribe{ print($0) }
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

next(:red_circle:)
completed

range
range就是创建一个sequence,他会发出这个范围中的从开始到结束的所有事件。

7248C430-CE10-430B-86C1-1D30B0E8C6F1.png
Code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
        
        Observable.range(start: 1, count: 5)
            .subscribe{ print($0) }
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

next(1)
next(2)
next(3)
next(4)
next(5)
completed

repeatElement
创建一个sequence,发出特定的事件n次

C432D129-F9EA-4AB2-BF61-DE9F83B106FD.png
Code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
        
        Observable.repeatElement(":red_circle:")
            .take(3)
            .subscribe(onNext:{ print($0) })
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

:red_circle:
:red_circle:
:red_circle:

generate
generate是创建一个可观察sequence,当初始化的条件为true的时候,他就会发出所对应的事件
Code:

Observable.generate(initialState: 0, condition: { $0 < 3 }, iterate: { $0 + 1 })
            .subscribe(onNext:{ print($0) })
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

0
1
2

deferred
deferred会为每一为订阅者observer创建一个新的可观察序列

C1872876-62F7-4B59-99B6-59A2E71C1666.png
Code:
let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
        
        var count = 1
        let deferredSequence = Observable<String>.deferred {
            print("Creating \(count)")
            count += 1
            
            return Observable.create { observer in
                print("Emitting...")
                observer.onNext(":dog:")
                observer.onNext(":cat:")
                observer.onNext(":monkey_face:")
                return Disposables.create()
            }
        }
        
        deferredSequence
            .subscribe(onNext: { print($0) })
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)
        
        deferredSequence
            .subscribe(onNext: { print($0) })
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

Creating 1
Emitting...
:dog:
:cat:
:monkey_face:
Creating 2
Emitting...
:dog:
:cat:
:monkey_face:

error

创建一个可观察序列,但不发出任何正常的事件,只发出error事件并结束
Code:

let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
        
        Observable<Int>.error(TestError.test)
            .subscribe { print($0) }
            .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

error(test)

doOn
doOn我感觉就是在直接onNext处理时候,先执行某个方法,doOnNext( :)方法就是在subscribe(onNext:)前调用,doOnCompleted( :)就是在subscribe(onCompleted:)前面调用的。

Code:

let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
Observable.of(":apple:", ":pear:", ":tangerine:", ":lemon:")
  .do(
    onNext: { print("Intercepted:", $0) },
      onError: { print("Intercepted error:", $0) },
      onCompleted: { print("Completed")  })
  .subscribe(
      onNext: { print($0) },
      onCompleted: { print("结束") })
  .disposed(by: disposeBag)

Result:

Intercepted: :apple:
:apple:
Intercepted: :pear:
:pear:
Intercepted: :tangerine:
:tangerine:
Intercepted: :lemon:
:lemon:
Completed
结束
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