Spring Boot 基于 JUnit 5 实现多模块工程单元
2020-04-24 本文已影响0人
又语
在 Spring Boot 基于 JUnit 5 实现单元测试 文中已介绍在单个 Spring Boot 应用中如何使用 JUnit 5 完成单元测试,本文介绍当 Spring Boot 应用作为多模块工程的一个模块组件时,如何使用 JUnit 5 实现单元测试。
目录
- 工程模块说明
- 示例
工程模块说明
创建一个如下结构的工程:
spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules:工程根目录
|-- application:Spring Boot 应用,独立运行服务
示例
-
创建 Maven 工程
spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules
; -
在
spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules
工程下新建模块(Module),选中Spring Initializr
创建 Spring Boot 应用application
,修改自动生成的pom.xml
文件内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules</artifactId>
<groupId>tutorial.spring.boot</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>application</artifactId>
<properties>
<spring.boot.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>
tutorial.spring.boot.Application
</mainClass>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 修改主工程
pom.xml
文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>tutorial.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>application</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 在
application
中创建一个 Service 层接口。
package tutorial.spring.boot.service;
public interface DemoService {
}
- 创建 Service 层接口实现。
package tutorial.spring.boot.service.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import tutorial.spring.boot.service.DemoService;
@Service
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
}
- 创建 Service 层单元测试,测试 Service 层实例是否已生成。
package tutorial.spring.boot.service;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoServiceTest {
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@Test
public void testNotNull() {
Assertions.assertThat(demoService).isNotNull();
}
}
-
在 IDE 中直接运行单元测试(Run 'DemoServiceTest'),测试通过(过程略)。
-
在项目根目录下运行
mvn test
,测试失败,日志如下:
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ application ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: D:\spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules\application\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running tutorial.spring.boot.service.DemoServiceTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.246 sec <<< FAILURE!
tutorial.spring.boot.service.DemoServiceTest.testNotNull() Time elapsed: 0.246 sec <<< FAILURE!
java.lang.AssertionError:
Expecting actual not to be null
at tutorial.spring.boot.service.DemoServiceTest.testNotNull(DemoServiceTest.java:16)
Results :
(..)
Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
从日志中可以看出,单元测试并未运行 Spring 上下文,导致找不到依赖 Spring IOC 注入的实例对象。
分析:
Maven 运行 JUnit 5 单元测试需要添加以下依赖:
unit-jupiter-api
junit-jupiter-engine
maven-surefire-plugin
前两个是 JUnit 5 相关依赖,已通过 spring-boot-starter-test
引入。maven-surefire-plugin
必须使用 2.22.0
及以上版本。
- 修改主工程
pom.xml
文件,添加maven-surefire-plugin
依赖。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>tutorial.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-junit5-multi-modules</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>application</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 在项目根目录下再次运行 mvn test,测试成功,从日志中可以看出已启动 Spring 上下文(测试日志略)。