rails组件_devise_用户系统

ruby环境

➜  ruby -v
ruby 2.3.3p222 (2016-11-21 revision 56859) [x86_64-darwin15]
➜  rails -v
Rails 5.0.2

先建立一个rails项目

rails new blog

在Gemfile里添加

gem 'devise'

然后运行

bundle install

安装好了devise的gem包以后, 安装devise相关组件

➜  blog/ rails generate devise:install
Running via Spring preloader in process 38288
      create  config/initializers/devise.rb
      create  config/locales/devise.en.yml

还有按照提示去配置

Some setup you must do manually if you haven't yet:

  1. Ensure you have defined default url options in your environments files. Here
     is an example of default_url_options appropriate for a development environment
     in config/environments/development.rb:

       config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: 'localhost', port: 3000 }

     In production, :host should be set to the actual host of your application.

  2. Ensure you have defined root_url to *something* in your config/routes.rb.
     For example:

       root to: "home#index"

  3. Ensure you have flash messages in app/views/layouts/application.html.erb.
     For example:

       <p class="notice"><%= notice %></p>
       <p class="alert"><%= alert %></p>

  4. You can copy Devise views (for customization) to your app by running:

       rails g devise:views

/config/environments/development.rb 添加

  # devise setting
  config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: 'localhost', port: 3000 }

/config/routes.rb 添加

  root to: "home#index"

/app/views/layout/application.html.erb 添加

    <p class="notice"><%= notice %></p>
    <p class="alert"><%= alert %></p>

输入命令rails g devise:views 会生成devise的视图文件

➜  blog rails g devise:views
Running via Spring preloader in process 38720
Expected boolean default value for '--markerb'; got :erb (string)
      invoke  Devise::Generators::SharedViewsGenerator
      create    app/views/devise/shared
      create    app/views/devise/shared/_links.html.erb
      invoke  form_for
      create    app/views/devise/confirmations
      create    app/views/devise/confirmations/new.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/passwords
      create    app/views/devise/passwords/edit.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/passwords/new.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/registrations
      create    app/views/devise/registrations/edit.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/registrations/new.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/sessions
      create    app/views/devise/sessions/new.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/unlocks
      create    app/views/devise/unlocks/new.html.erb
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/devise/mailer
      create    app/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/mailer/password_change.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/mailer/reset_password_instructions.html.erb
      create    app/views/devise/mailer/unlock_instructions.html.erb

输入命令rails g devise user 生成需要用到devise的模型, 路由中会自动生成一个devise_for :users

➜  blog rails g devise user
Running via Spring preloader in process 38828
      invoke  active_record
      create    db/migrate/20170424093829_devise_create_users.rb
      create    app/models/user.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      create      test/models/user_test.rb
      create      test/fixtures/users.yml
      insert    app/models/user.rb
       route  devise_for :users

输入命令rake db:migrate 执行迁移文件

➜  blog rake db:migrate
== 20170424093829 DeviseCreateUsers: migrating ================================
-- create_table(:users)
   -> 0.0014s
-- add_index(:users, :email, {:unique=>true})
   -> 0.0007s
-- add_index(:users, :reset_password_token, {:unique=>true})
   -> 0.0006s
== 20170424093829 DeviseCreateUsers: migrated (0.0029s) =======================

输入命令rails generate controller home index 用来设置root页面

➜  blog rails generate controller home index
Running via Spring preloader in process 39045
      create  app/controllers/home_controller.rb
       route  get 'home/index'
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/home
      create    app/views/home/index.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/controllers/home_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      create    app/helpers/home_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
      create      app/assets/javascripts/home.coffee
      invoke    scss
      create      app/assets/stylesheets/home.scss

在控制器中, 设置访问之前需要登录

class HomeController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_user!, :only => [:index, :new]
  def index
  end
end

解释一下:
user_signed_in? //判断用户是否登录
current_user //获取当前登录用户
user_session //可以访问对应的session

现在可以跑一下rails s 来看看效果
访问默认页 http://127.0.0.1:3000/ 会被路由到 http://127.0.0.1:3000/users/sign_in

你将看到以下简陋的页面, 实现了最简单的用户系统.
注册页(users/sign_up),
登入页(users/sign_in),
忘记密码页(users/password/new)

登录之后, devise默认跳转到了root, 要自定义, 去覆盖after_sign_in_path_for和after_sign_out_path_for来自定义跳转回调

待续写

Reference

http://www.jianshu.com/p/8dfff067197d