java 创建线程的方法

2018-12-05  本文已影响0人  许俊贤

java 创建线程的方法

Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:

newCachedThreadPool

创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    final int index = i;
    try {
      Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
      System.out.println(index);
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。

newFixedThreadPool

创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     final int index = i;
     fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
     public void run() {
       try {
         System.out.println(index);
         Thread.sleep(2000);
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
       }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

newScheduledThreadPool

创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}

表示延迟3秒执行。

定期执行示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}

表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。

newSingleThreadExecutor

创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。

你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量,运行一个不终止的线程,创建指定量的线程,来观察:
工具目录:C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\bin\jconsole.exe
运行程序做稍微修改:

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      while(true) {
       System.out.println(index);
       Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
      }
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
   try {
    Thread.sleep(500);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
 }
}

选择相应的进程即可。

image.png

整理测试代码附上github。 https://github.com/xjxxxc/TestDemo/tree/master/src/com/xjxxxc/test/thread

备注:个人博客同步至简书。

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