Systematic Naming

破解有机物的命名密码

Reactions

Additions of Hydrogen (Hydrogenation)

It converts an alkene to an alkane.

under room conditions in the presence of a catalyst

Addition of Halogens (Halogenation)

It converts an alkene to a dihaloalkane.

Alkenes undergo addition reactions rapidly with chlorine and bromine but very slow with iodine

Test for unsaturation:

1. The purple permanganate solution changes from purple to colorless quickly when shaken with an alkene.

2. The brown bromine water is decolorized when shaken with an alkene.

decolorization of bromine when shaken with an alkene

Addition of Hydrogen Halide (Hydrohalogenation)

It converts an alkene to a haloalkane.

under room conditions, without the use of any catalyst

Markovnikov's rule (based on experimental findings): the hydrogen atom in HX is usually added to the carbon atom of the carbon-carbon double bond that already has the greater number of hydrogen atoms (多的越多).