Experience vs Memory 1

Everybody talks about happiness these days.

I had somebody count the number of books with "happiness" in the title published in the last five years and they gave up after about 40, and there were many more.

ps:我有人统计了过去五年出版的书名中有“幸福”的书的数量，大约40本之后他们就放弃了，而且还有更多的书。

somebody同 someone; 某人;有人; 重要人物，大人物

count数数; 计算总数; 把…算入; 包括; 数出总数; 总数; 数数，点数; 量的计数; 伯爵（欧洲一些国家相当于英国earl的贵族封号

books书; 书籍; 印刷出版物; 著作; 本子; 簿子; 预约，预订; 给预订飞机等座位; 和预约演出日期; book的第三人称单数和复数

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

title名称，标题，题目; 一种，一本; 称号，头衔，职称，称谓; 加标题，定题目

published出版; 发行; 发表，刊登，登载; 发表，公布; publish的过去分词和过去式

in the last在最后；在终审时

five years五年

gave给; 交给; 赠送; 赠与; 送给; 提供，供给，供应; give的过去式

There is a huge wave of interest in happiness, among researchers.

There is a lot of happiness coaching. 

Everybody would like to make people happier.

But in spite of all this flood of work, there are several cognitive traps that sort of make it almost impossible to think straight about happiness.

ps:但是，尽管有这么多的工作，还是有一些认知上的陷阱使得人们几乎不可能直接去思考幸福。

in spite of尽管；不管，不顾

flood洪水; 水灾; 大批，大量; 灌满水; 淹没; 泛滥; 大量涌入; 蜂拥而出

there are有; 可数名词的复数形式; 许多重要事情要谈

cognitive认知的; 感知的; 认识的

traps陷阱，罗网，夹，捕捉器; 圈套; 诡计; 困境，牢笼; 使落入险境; 使陷入困境; 卡住; 夹住; 绊住; 缠住; 收集; 吸收; trap的第三人称单数和复数

sort of有几分;近似;有那么点儿

make it到达; 及时赶上参加; 成功

impossible不可能存在的; 不可能的; 难处理的; 很难对付的; 不可能的事; 不可能

straight笔直地; 平正地; 成直线; 直接; 径直; 立即; 正; 直; 直的; 直筒型的; 准的; 正中目标的; 异性恋者; 直道部分; 直道

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

And my talk today will be mostly about these cognitive traps.

This applies to laypeople thinking about their own happiness, and it applies to scholars thinking about happiness, because it turns out we're just as messed up as anybody else is.

ps:这适用于那些想着自己幸福的外行，也适用于那些想着幸福的学者，因为事实证明我们和其他人一样一团糟。

applies申请，请求; 使用; 应用; 涂; 敷; 施; apply的第三人称单数

thinking思想; 思考; 思维; 想法; 见解; 思想的; 有理智的; 有思考力的; 认为; 以为; 想; 思索; 琢磨; think的现在分词

own自己的，本人的; 自己做的; 为自己的; 拥有，有; 承认

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

scholars学者; 奖学金获得者; 聪颖勤奋的学生; scholar的复数

turns转动，旋转; 转身; 扭转; 翻转; 翻动; 把…翻过来; turn的第三人称单数

just as正像; 正在…的时候

messed使不整洁; 弄脏; 弄乱; 随地便溺; mess的过去分词和过去式

The first of these traps is a reluctance to admit complexity. 

ps:这些陷阱中的第一个是不愿承认复杂性。

first第一; 最重要的; 首要的; 最优秀的; 首先; 最初; 第一次; 首次; 第一个人; 空前的成就; 前所未有的事情; 一挡，最低挡

these这些，他们; 这些; 一些

traps陷阱，罗网，夹，捕捉器; 圈套; 诡计; 困境，牢笼; 使落入险境; 使陷入困境; 卡住; 夹住; 绊住; 缠住; 收集; 吸收; trap的第三人称单数和复数

reluctance不情愿; 磁阻; 厌恶; 反抗 (to

admit承认; 招认; 招供; 准许…进入

complexity复杂性; 难懂; 难题; 难以理解的局势

It turns out that the word"happiness" is just not a useful word anymore, because we apply it to too many different things.

I think there is one particular meaning to which we might restrict it, but by and large, this is something that we'll have to give up and we'll have to adopt the more complicated view of what well-being is.

ps:我认为有一个特别的意义，我们可以限制它，但总的来说，这是我们必须放弃的东西，我们必须采取更复杂的观点，什么是幸福。

there is有

particular专指的，特指的; 不寻常的; 格外的; 特别的; 讲究; 挑剔; 细节，详情; 详细资料; 详细介绍材料

meaning意义，意思; 意义; 真正重要性; 价值; 有意义的意味深长的; 有所企图的; 表示…的意思; 意思是; 本意是; 打算; 意欲; 有…的目的; mean的现在分词

restrict限制，限定; 束缚; 妨碍; 阻碍; 限制

by and large大致上; 总体上; 总的说来

have to必须; 不得不; 劝告或建议时用; 表示一定真实或肯定发生

give up放弃; 戒除; 认输; 辞去; 让出; 自首; 投案

adopt收养; 领养; 采用; 采取; 正式通过，表决采纳

complicated复杂的; 难懂的; 使复杂化; complicate的过去分词和过去式

well-being健康; 安乐; 康乐

The second trap is a confusion between experience and memory; basically, it's between being happy in your life, and being happy about your life or happy with your life.

ps:第二个陷阱是经验和记忆之间的混淆；基本上，它是生活中的快乐和生活中的快乐或生活中的快乐之间的混淆。

second第二; 居第二位的; 另外的; 外加的; 以第二名; 以第二位; 第二，其次; 秒; 片刻; 瞬间; 支持，赞成; 附议; 临时调派; 短期调任

trap陷阱，罗网，夹，捕捉器; 圈套; 诡计; 困境，牢笼; 使落入险境; 使陷入困境; 卡住; 夹住; 绊住; 缠住; 收集; 吸收

confusion不确定; 困惑; 混淆; 混同; 困窘; 尴尬; 局促不安

between在…中间，介于…之间; 在…之间，在…中间; 介于…之间

experience经验; 实践; 经历; 阅历; 经历，体验; 经受; 遭受; 感受; 体会; 体验

memory记忆力; 记性; 记忆所及的时期; 回忆所及的范围; 回忆; 记忆

basically大体上; 基本上; 总的说来; 从根本上说

being存在; 生存; 生物; 思想感情; 身心; are的现在分词; be的现在分词

happy感到快乐的; 高兴的; 给予快乐的; 使人高兴的; 幸福的; 表示祝愿，如Happy Birthday生日快乐、Happy New Year新年好等

life生命; 人命; 性命; 人的存活; 生物; 活物

And those are two very different concepts, and they're both lumped in the notion of happiness.

ps:这是两个截然不同的概念，它们都被归为幸福的概念。

concepts概念; 观念; concept的复数

they他们; 她们; 它们; 用以代替he或she，指性别不详的人; 人们，人人，众人

both两个，两个都; 不仅…而且…; …和…都

lumped把…归并一起; lump的过去分词和过去式

notion观念; 信念; 理解

happiness幸福; 愉快; 适当; 幸运

And the third is the focusing illusion, and it's the unfortunate fact that we can't think about any circumstance that affects well-being without distorting its importance.

ps:第三种是聚焦错觉，不幸的是，我们无法在不扭曲幸福重要性的情况下思考影响幸福的任何情况。

focusing集中; 调节焦距; 聚焦; focus的现在分词

illusion错误的观念; 幻想; 幻想的事物; 错觉

unfortunate不幸的; 倒霉的; 令人遗憾的; 可惜的; 令人尴尬的; 不适当的; 得罪人的; 不幸的人

fact现实; 实际情况; 事实，真相; 真实的事物; 真实情况

think about思考; 探讨; 为…费心思; 想像

circumstance条件; 环境; 状况; 境况; 境遇; 经济状况; 命运; 客观环境; 使处于某种特定的情况之下

affects影响; 侵袭; 使感染; 深深打动; 使悲伤; affect的第三人称单数

well-being健康; 安乐; 康乐

distorting使变形; 扭曲; 使失真; 歪曲; 曲解; distort的现在分词

importance重要性; 重要; 重大

I mean, this is a real cognitive trap.

 There's just no way of getting it right.

Questions:

1.what is the Kahneman's contrast in the beginning of his talk?

people's interest in happiness and their flawed understanding of it.

2.According to Kahneman , in what way is a common view of happiness flawed?

happiness is more complex than most people realize.

3.if someone can't think straight, they..

are unable to consider things carefully or correctly.

4.A layperson is someone...

 without detailed knowledge of a particular subject.

5.In describing "three cognitive traps", the word "trap" refers to...

 a mistake that's difficult to avoid.

6.What is the subject of Kahneman's talk?

the mistakes people make when thinking about happiness.

7.If something is related to cognition, it is related to...

the process by which the brain grains knowledge or understanding

8.Who is this talk directly towards?

both ordinary people and experts in the field.

9.A reluctance to do something means ...

an unwillingness to do it.

10.According to Kahneman what distinction that people need to make when they think about happiness? 

how they feel in their lives and how they feel about their lives

Read  and repeat the sentences:

1."happiness" is just not a useful word anymore, because we apply it to too many different things.

2.being happy in your life, and being happy about your life are two very different concepts.