我爱编程Python从0到1

(2018-05-28.Python从Zero到One)8、(T

2018-05-28  本文已影响0人  lyh165

5.1 数据库

与Django框架相比,Tornado没有自带ORM,对于数据库需要自己去适配。我们使用MySQL数据库。

在Tornado3.0版本以前提供tornado.database模块用来操作MySQL数据库,而从3.0版本开始,此模块就被独立出来,作为torndb包单独提供。torndb只是对MySQLdb的简单封装,不支持Python 3。

torndb安装

pip install torndb

连接初始化

我们需要在应用启动时创建一个数据库连接实例,供各个RequestHandler使用。我们可以在构造Application的时候创建一个数据库实例并作为其属性,而RequestHandler可以通过self.application获取其属性,进而操作数据库实例。

import torndb

class Application(tornado.web.Application):
    def __init__(self):
        handlers = [
            (r"/", IndexHandler),
        ]
        settings = dict(
            template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
            static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "statics"),
            debug=True,
        )
        super(Application, self).__init__(handlers, **settings)
        # 创建一个全局mysql连接实例供handler使用
        self.db = torndb.Connection(
            host="127.0.0.1",
            database="itcast",
            user="root",
            password="mysql"
        )

使用数据库

新建数据库与表:

create database `itcast` default character set utf8;

use itcast;

create table houses (
    id bigint(20) unsigned not null auto_increment comment '房屋编号',
    title varchar(64) not null default '' comment '标题',
    position varchar(32) not null default '' comment '位置',
    price int not null default 0,
    score int not null default 5,
    comments int not null default 0,
    primary key(id)
)ENGINE=InnoDB default charset=utf8 comment='房屋信息表';

1. 执行语句

db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", "独立装修小别墅", "紧邻文津街", 280, 5, 128)
或
db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%(title)s, %(position)s, %(price)s, %(score)s, %(comments)s)", title="独立装修小别墅", position="紧邻文津街", price=280, score=5, comments=128)

执行语句主要用来执行非查询语句。

class InsertHandler(RequestHandler):
    def post(self):
        title = self.get_argument("title")
        position = self.get_argument("position")
        price = self.get_argument("price")
        score = self.get_argument("score")
        comments = self.get_argument("comments")
        try:
            ret = self.application.db.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", title, position, price, score, comments)
        except Exception as e:
            self.write("DB error:%s" % e)
        else:
            self.write("OK %d" % ret)

2. 查询语句

<span class="house-title">{{title_join(house["titles"])}}</span>

改为

<span class="house-title">{{house["title"]}}</span>

添加两个新的handler:

class GetHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        """访问方式为http://127.0.0.1/get?id=111"""
        hid = self.get_argument("id")
        try:
            ret = self.application.db.get("select title,position,price,score,comments from houses where id=%s", hid)
        except Exception as e:
            self.write("DB error:%s" % e)
        else:
            print type(ret)
            print ret
            print ret.title
            print ret['title']
            self.render("index.html", houses=[ret])


class QueryHandler(RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        """访问方式为http://127.0.0.1/query"""
        try:
            ret = self.application.db.query("select title,position,price,score,comments from houses limit 10")
        except Exception as e:
            self.write("DB error:%s" % e)
        else:
            self.render("index.html", houses=ret)
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