linux无损扩容的方法

概述

云平台客户的服务器可能会随着业务量的不断增长造成磁盘空间不足的情况，比如：共享文件服务器硬盘空间不足，在这个时候就需要增加磁盘空间，来满足线上的业务；又或者我们在使用linux的过程中, 有时会因为安装系统时分区不当导致有的分区空间不足，而有的分区空间过剩的情况，都可以是使用fdisk分区工具来动态调整分区的大小；

步骤

1.备份
就算是无损的扩容，但难免会出什么意外，备份是必不可少的，一般云平台都有备份功能，可直接对磁盘做一次全量备份。

2.用fdisk重新分区
默认的分区如下

root@i-abnawjwo:/# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev              497752       4    497748   1% /dev
tmpfs             101700     440    101260   1% /run
/dev/sda1       20509308 1337636  18106816   7% /
none                   4       0         4   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none                5120       0      5120   0% /run/lock
none              508488       0    508488   0% /run/shm
none              102400       0    102400   0% /run/user
/dev/sdc1       10190136   23032   9626432   1% /data
root@i-abnawjwo:/data# cat hello
test1

卸载当前的分区umount /dev/sdc1
若是卸载不掉，有可能是有进程再用，可以用fuser或者lsof查看

fuser -m -v /data
fuser -m -v -i -k /data
lsof /data

卸载掉后fdisk删除原来的分区，重新分区， 注意开始的磁柱号要和原来的一致（这是保证数据不丢失的关键步骤）

root@i-abnawjwo:/# umount /data
root@i-abnawjwo:/# fdisk /dev/sdc

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599):
Using default value 104857599

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 51200 cylinders, total 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x305cddae

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048   104857599    52427776   83  Linux

Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

重启系统

3.检测分区，扩展分区大小

root@i-abnawjwo:~# e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdb1: 12/655360 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 79664/2621440 blocks
root@i-abnawjwo:~# resize2fs -p /dev/sdb1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sdb1 to 13106944 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sdb1 is now 13106944 blocks long.

4.重新挂载，查看分区大小，检查数据

root@i-abnawjwo:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /data/
root@i-abnawjwo:/data# cat hello
acasdcacsa
root@i-abnawjwo:/data# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev              497752       4    497748   1% /dev
tmpfs             101700     428    101272   1% /run
/dev/sda1       20509308 1337768  18106684   7% /
none                   4       0         4   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
none                5120       0      5120   0% /run/lock
none              508488       0    508488   0% /run/shm
none              102400       0    102400   0% /run/user
/dev/sdb1       51474044   33100  48803172   1% /data