Android Dialog使用详解

2017-02-23 本文已影响2819人业志陈

对话框是提示用户作出决定或输入额外信息的小窗口，通常不会填充整个屏幕，用于进行一些额外交互

Dialog 类是对话框的基类，但应该避免直接实例化 Dialog，而应使用其子类，比如

AlertDialog
此对话框可显示标题、提示信息、按钮、可选择项列表或自定义布局等
DatePickerDialog 或 TimePickerDialog
此类对话框带有允许用户选择日期或时间的预定义 UI

这些类定义了对话框的样式和结构，但开发者应该将 DialogFragment 用作对话框的容器。DialogFragment 类提供了创建对话框和管理其外观所需的所有控件，而不是调用 Dialog 对象上的方法
使用 DialogFragment 管理对话框可确保它能正确处理生命周期事件，如用户按“返回”按钮或旋转屏幕时。此外，DialogFragment 类还允许将对话框的 UI 作为嵌入式组件在较大 UI 中重复使用，就像传统 Fragment 一样

DialogFragment 类最初是通过 Android 3.0（API 11）添加的，如果想要使应用可以在运行 Android 1.6 或更高版本的设备上使用 DialogFragment 以及各种其他 API，可以使用支持库附带的 DialogFragment 类（android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment）。如果应用支持的最低版本是 API 级别 11 或更高版本，则可使用 DialogFragment 的框架版本（android.app.DialogFragment）

一、基础用法

通过扩展 DialogFragment 类并在 onCreateDialog() 回调方法中创建 AlertDialog

public class MyDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle("title")
               .setMessage("message")
               .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                       
                   }
               })
               .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                   public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
                       
                   }
               });
        return builder.create();
    }
    
}

之后，当创建此类的实例并调用该对象上的 show() 方法时，就可以显示出对话框了
这是 DialogFragment 最基础用法，之后会介绍几种不同的样式

二、包含两个按钮的对话框

在 ButtonDialogFragment 类中重载 show() 方法，传入所有需要的参数，并调用 DialogFragment 类本身的 show(FragmentManager manager, String tag) 方法，从而显示对话框。"tag" 参数是系统用于保存片段状态并在必要时进行恢复的唯一标记名称，该标记还允许通过调用 findFragmentByTag() 获取片段的句柄

/**
 * Created by 叶应是叶 on 2017/2/23.
 */

public class ButtonDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener positiveCallback;

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener negativeCallback;

    private String title;

    private String message;

    public void show(String title, String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener positiveCallback,
                     DialogInterface.OnClickListener negativeCallback, FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
        this.title = title;
        this.message = message;
        this.positiveCallback = positiveCallback;
        this.negativeCallback = negativeCallback;
        show(fragmentManager, "ButtonDialogFragment");
    }

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle(title);
        builder.setMessage(message);
        builder.setPositiveButton("确定", positiveCallback);
        builder.setNegativeButton("取消", negativeCallback);
        return builder.create();
    }

}

之后，提供调用方法

public void showButtonDialogFragment(View view) {
        ButtonDialogFragment buttonDialogFragment = new ButtonDialogFragment();
        buttonDialogFragment.show("Hi,你好", "叶应是叶", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了确定 " + which, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了取消 " + which, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, getFragmentManager());
    }

运行效果

这里写图片描述

三、包含一个中性按钮的对话框

思路类似，对话框包含一个中性按钮

/**
 * Created by ZY on 2017/2/23.
 */

public class NeutralDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener neutralCallback;

    private String title;

    private String message;

    private String hint;

    public void show(String title, String message, String hint, DialogInterface.OnClickListener neutralCallback,
                     FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
        this.title = title;
        this.message = message;
        this.hint = hint;
        this.neutralCallback = neutralCallback;
        show(fragmentManager, "NeutralDialogFragment");
    }

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle(title);
        builder.setMessage(message);
        builder.setNeutralButton(hint, neutralCallback);
        return builder.create();
    }

}

提供调用方法

    public void showNeutralDialogFragment(View view) {
        NeutralDialogFragment neutralDialogFragment = new NeutralDialogFragment();
        neutralDialogFragment.show("Hi,你好", "叶应是叶", "确定~", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了按钮 " + which, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, getFragmentManager());
    }

运行效果

这里写图片描述

四、列表对话框

/**
 * Created by ZY on 2017/2/23.
 */

public class ItemsDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private String title;

    private String[] items;

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener onClickListener;

    public void show(String title, String[] items, DialogInterface.OnClickListener onClickListener,
                     FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
        this.title = title;
        this.items = items;
        this.onClickListener = onClickListener;
        show(fragmentManager, "ItemsDialogFragment");
    }

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle(title).setItems(items, onClickListener);
        return builder.create();
    }

}

提供调用方法

public void showItemsDialogFragment(View view) {
        ItemsDialogFragment itemsDialogFragment = new ItemsDialogFragment();
        String[] items = {"Hi", "Hello", "叶"};
        itemsDialogFragment.show("Hi,你好", items, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "点击了第 " + (which + 1) + " 个选项", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, getFragmentManager());
    }

运行效果

这里写图片描述

五、多项选择对话框

/**
 * Created by ZY on 2017/2/23.
 */

public class MultiChoiceDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private String title;

    private String[] items;

    private DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener onMultiChoiceClickListener;

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener positiveCallback;

    public void show(String title, String[] items, DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener onMultiChoiceClickListener,
                     DialogInterface.OnClickListener positiveCallback, FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
        this.title = title;
        this.items = items;
        this.onMultiChoiceClickListener = onMultiChoiceClickListener;
        this.positiveCallback = positiveCallback;
        show(fragmentManager, "MultiChoiceDialogFragment");
    }

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle(title).setMultiChoiceItems(items, null, onMultiChoiceClickListener)
                .setPositiveButton("确定", positiveCallback);
        return builder.create();
    }

}

提供调用方法

public void showMultiChoiceDialogFragment(View view) {
        MultiChoiceDialogFragment multiChoiceDialogFragment = new MultiChoiceDialogFragment();
        final String[] items = {"Hi", "Hello", "叶"};
        final List<Integer> integerList = new ArrayList<>();
        multiChoiceDialogFragment.show("Hi,你好", items, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
                if (isChecked) {
                    integerList.add(which);
                } else {
                    integerList.remove(which);
                }
            }
        }, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                String hint = "";
                for (int i = 0; i < integerList.size(); i++) {
                    hint = items[integerList.get(i)] + hint;
                }
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, hint, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, getFragmentManager());
    }

运行效果

这里写图片描述

六、单项选择对话框

/**
 * Created by ZY on 2017/2/23.
 */

public class SingleChoiceDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private String title;

    private String[] items;

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener onClickListener;

    private DialogInterface.OnClickListener positiveCallback;

    public void show(String title, String[] items, DialogInterface.OnClickListener onClickListener,
                     DialogInterface.OnClickListener positiveCallback, FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
        this.title = title;
        this.items = items;
        this.onClickListener = onClickListener;
        this.positiveCallback = positiveCallback;
        show(fragmentManager, "SingleChoiceDialogFragment");
    }

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        builder.setTitle(title).setSingleChoiceItems(items, 0, onClickListener)
                .setPositiveButton("确定", positiveCallback);
        return builder.create();
    }

}

提供调用方法

  private int index;

    public void showSingleChoiceDialogFragment(View view) {
        SingleChoiceDialogFragment singleChoiceDialogFragment = new SingleChoiceDialogFragment();
        String[] items = {"Hi", "Hello", "叶"};

        singleChoiceDialogFragment.show("Hi,你好", items, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                index = which;
            }
        }, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "选择了第" + (index + 1) + "项", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }, getFragmentManager());
    }

运行效果

这里写图片描述

七、自定义对话框

可以通过创建一个自定义布局，然后调用 AlertDialog.Builder 对象上的 setView() 方法将其添加到 AlertDialog 中，从而让对话框拥有自定义样式

首先自定义布局

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="64dp"
        android:background="#FFFFBB33"
        android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/head" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/username"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:hint="用户名"
        android:inputType="textEmailAddress" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/password"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
        android:fontFamily="sans-serif"
        android:hint="密码"
        android:inputType="textPassword" />

</LinearLayout>

在 DialogFragment 的 onCreateDialog() 方法中加载自定义布局，并添加到 AlertDialog.Builder 中
此外，自定义一个接口 Callback，用于获取用户名与密码

/**
 * Created by ZY on 2017/2/23.
 */

public class ViewDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    public interface Callback {
        void onClick(String userName, String password);
    }

    private Callback callback;

    public void show(FragmentManager fragmentManager) {
        show(fragmentManager, "ViewDialogFragment");
    }

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
        LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();
        final View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.dialog_signin, null);
        builder.setView(view)
                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        if (callback != null) {
                            EditText et_userName = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.username);
                            EditText et_password = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.password);
                            callback.onClick(et_userName.getText().toString(), et_password.getText().toString());
                        }
                    }
                })
        ;
        return builder.create();
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        if (context instanceof Callback) {
            callback = (Callback) context;
        } else {
            throw new RuntimeException(context.toString() + " must implement Callback");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        callback = null;
    }
}

令 Activity 实现 Callbak 接口

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ViewDialogFragment.Callback {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    public void showViewDialogFragment(View view) {
        ViewDialogFragment viewDialogFragment = new ViewDialogFragment();
        viewDialogFragment.show(getFragmentManager());
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(String userName, String password) {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "用户名: " + userName + " 密码: " + password, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

}

运行效果

这里写图片描述

Android Dialog使用详解

一、基础用法

二、包含两个按钮的对话框

三、包含一个中性按钮的对话框

四、列表对话框

五、多项选择对话框

六、单项选择对话框

七、自定义对话框

这里提供示例代码下载：Android Dialog使用详解

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