禅与计算机程序设计艺术反应式编程 · Reactive Programming · ReactorRxKotlin

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 5----Subjec

2018-02-25  本文已影响165人  蔡洪宇

上一节中我们说到了 Hot Observable 的一个实现 ---- ConnectableObservable。这一节中我们说一说 Hot Observable 的另一种实现 ---- Subject

Subject

按照惯例,先来一段能跑的代码

// 5.1.kt
import io.reactivex.Observable
import io.reactivex.subjects.PublishSubject
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val observable = Observable.interval(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
    val subject = PublishSubject.create<Long>()  // 注释1

    observable.subscribe(subject)  // 描点1 Subject 充当 Observer 角色
    subject.subscribe({ println("Received $it") })  // 描点2 Subject 充当 Observable 角色
    Thread.sleep(60)
}

输出

Received 0
Received 1
Received 2
Received 3
Received 4
Received 5

注释1
我们可以用 PublishSubject.create() 来创建 PublishSubject (PublishSubject 下方介绍)

(这里有空我补一个关系图)

Subject 是 Observable 与 Observer 的组合体

这么做有什么用处,既然我们可以直接从 源Observable 订阅,为什么要在中间加一层 PublishSubject? 来看下一个例子

PublishSubject 的作用

// 5.2.kt
import io.reactivex.Observable
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val observable = Observable.interval(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)

    observable.subscribe({ println("Subscription 1 Received $it") })
    Thread.sleep(200)
    observable.subscribe({ println("Subscription 2 Received $it") })
    Thread.sleep(300)
}

输出

Subscription 1 Received 0
Subscription 1 Received 1
Subscription 1 Received 2
Subscription 2 Received 0  // 注释1
Subscription 1 Received 3
Subscription 2 Received 1
Subscription 1 Received 4
Subscription 2 Received 2

注释1
订阅2 从 0 开始接收消息(因为它订阅的 observable 是一个 Cold Observable,所以会从头发送)
这里的输出结果和下面对比一下

// 5.3.kt
import io.reactivex.Observable
import io.reactivex.subjects.PublishSubject
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val observable = Observable.interval(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
    val subject = PublishSubject.create<Long>()

    observable.subscribe(subject)

    subject.subscribe({ println("Subscription 1 Received $it") })
    Thread.sleep(300)
    subject.subscribe({ println("Subscription 2 Received $it") })
    Thread.sleep(200)
}

输出

Subscription 1 Received 0
Subscription 1 Received 1
Subscription 1 Received 2
Subscription 1 Received 3
Subscription 2 Received 3  // 注释1
Subscription 1 Received 4
Subscription 2 Received 4

注释1
订阅2 从 3 开始接收消息(它错过了 0 1 2, 我们说过 Subject 是 Hot Observable 的一种)
在这里,我们通过 PublishSubject 把原来的 Cold 变成了 Hot(上一节的 publish 也能实现此功能,只不过得到的是 ConnectableObservable)

Subject 的各种实现

AsyncSubject

下面这张图是为了阐述 ReactiveX 原理常用的 Marble Diagram ,我会在明天专门去说 Marble Diagram 如何看(之前我也是各种看不懂,捂脸)

AsyncSubject
(图片来自 ReactiveX documentation)
AsyncSubject 会从 源Observable(Subject 的 Observer 接口传入值来自 源Observable) 接收所有值,并把最后一个值从 Observable 接口处弹出去,看一个例子 
// 5.4.kt
import io.reactivex.Observable
import io.reactivex.subjects.AsyncSubject

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val observable = Observable.just(1, 2, 3, 4)
    val subject = AsyncSubject.create<Int>()
    observable.subscribe(subject)
    subject.subscribe(observer)
}

输出

New Subscription
Next 4
All Completed

我们可以不订阅任何的 Observable 而直接调用 Subject 的 onNext 方法(Observer 接口)传入值(其实上面 Subject 订阅 Observable 的时候,Subject 会在内部对每一个从 Observable 得到的值调用 onNext 方法)。就像这个例子

// 5.5.kt
import io.reactivex.subjects.AsyncSubject

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val subject = AsyncSubject.create<Int>()
    subject.onNext(1)
    subject.onNext(2)
    subject.subscribe(observer)  // 订阅1
    subject.onNext(3)
    subject.subscribe(observer)  // 订阅2
    subject.onNext(4)
    subject.onComplete()
}

输出

New Subscription
New Subscription
Next 4  // 订阅1(我知道你要问为什么不输出 2 而是 4,下面有解释)
All Completed
Next 4  // 订阅2
All Completed

AsyncSubject 当且仅当调用 onComplete 方法时才会弹出值(和( ConnectableObservable 与 connect 方法的关系)差不多)
所以 订阅1 并没有输出 Next 2 而是输出 Next 4。

PublishSubject

PublishSubject 会把所有从 Observer 接口传入的值按照时间顺序全部传出

PublishSubject
(图片来自 ReactiveX documentation)

BehaviorSubject

把 PublishSubject 与 AsyncSubject 组合在一起差不多就是 BehaviorSubject。
BehaviorSubject 会弹出订阅 BehaviorSubject 之前的最后一个值(AsyncSubject 的特性)和订阅 BehaviorSubject 之后的所有值(PublishSubject 的特性)

// 5.6.kt
import io.reactivex.subjects.BehaviorSubject

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val subject = BehaviorSubject.create<Int>()
    subject.onNext(1)
    subject.onNext(2)
    subject.subscribe(observer)
    subject.onNext(3)
    subject.subscribe(observer)
    subject.onNext(4)
    subject.onComplete()
}

输出

/*
New Subscription
Next 2  // 订阅1 获取到了 `2`  而跳过了 `1`
Next 3  // 订阅1 获取到了订阅之后的值
New Subscription
Next 3  // 订阅2
Next 4  // 订阅1
Next 4  // 订阅2
All Completed
All Completed
 */

ReplaySubject

它和 Cold Observable 的性质差不多(我还不知道它有什么用,麻烦哪位同学告诉我,我加在这里,先谢过了)

ReplaySubject
(图片来自 ReactiveX documentation) 
// 5.7.kt
import io.reactivex.subjects.ReplaySubject

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val subject = ReplaySubject.create<Int>()
    subject.onNext(1)
    subject.onNext(2)
    subject.subscribe(observer)
    subject.onNext(3)
    subject.subscribe(observer)
    subject.onComplete()
}

输出

/*
New Subscription
Next 1
Next 2
Next 3
New Subscription
Next 1
Next 2
Next 3
All Completed
All Completed
 */

这节 OK 了,明天我们来一起学习一下看图(Marble Diagram)识字....

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 1----环境配置与初体验

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 2----Observable Observer 与 Subscribe 简介

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 3----Observable 的创建

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 4----Observer Subscribe 与 Hot/Cold Observable

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 5----Subject

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 6----Operator 与 Marble Diagram

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 7----Backpressure Flowable 与 Subscriber 简介

RxKotlin 例子不超过15行教程 8----Error Handling

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