Triangulate your view with belie

"3.4 Triangulate your view with believable people who are willing to disagree.

By questioning experts individually and encouraging them to have thoughtful disagreement with each other that I can listen to and ask questions about, I both raise my probability of being right and become much better educated. This is most true when the experts disagree with me or with each other. Smart people who can thoughtfully disagree are the greatest teachers, far better than a professor assigned to stand in front of a board and lecture at you. The knowledge I acquire usually leads to principles that I develop and refine for similar cases that arise in the future.

In some cases in which the subjects are just too complex for me to understand in the time required, I will turn over the decision making to knowledgeable others who are more believable than me, but I still want to listen in on their thoughtful disagreement. I find that most people don’t do that—they prefer to make their own decisions, even when they’re not qualified to make the kinds of judgments required. In doing so, they’re giving in to their lower-level selves.

3.4 和可信的、愿意表达分歧的人一起 审视你的观点

我既单独询问专家，也鼓励专家在我面前展 现深思熟虑的意见分歧，而且我可以问问题。通 过这么做，我既降低了自己犯错的可能性，也学

到了很多东西。当我和专家有分歧，或者专家彼 此之间有分歧时，效果最为明显。拥有这种能力 的聪明的人是最好的老师，比站在黑板前例行公 事授课的教授要好得多。我经常把由此获得的知 识总结为原则并不断改进，以应用于未来出现的 类似情况。

有时问题太过复杂，我难以在有限的时间内 理解，这时我会让在这方面知识更丰富、可信度 更高的人帮我做决策，但我仍然会旁听他们以深 思熟虑的方式发表不同意见。我发现大多数人不 这么做，而是更喜欢自己做决定，即使是在他们 没有在这方面做出相应判断所需能力的时候。他 们这是在向较低层次的自我屈服。"