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重读《老人与海》(3)

2021-08-22  本文已影响0人  Winterlily

《老人与海》的主要故事情节在于老人钓上一条大鱼,以及随后与鲨鱼之间发生的搏斗。
这是一条非常罕见的大鱼,体长比老人驾驶的小船还要多两英尺。而且,非常优雅,非常有贵族气,以至老人后来有些后悔捉到了它。
但老人的职业决定了他不会放过这条大鱼,尤其是在捕捉到这条大鱼之前,他已经八十多天没有捕到哪怕一条像样的鱼了。
如果小说只写到老人成功捕到大鱼,而后愉快地返航,小说的魅力一定大打折扣。在老人把鱼拖到船边,打死它,捆好以后,读者发现,更惊险的场面来了,就是追着小船,撕扯鱼肉的鲨鱼登场了。
我们先来读一段关于大鱼被钓之后的描写,看大鱼是如何应对灭顶之灾的:

Nothing happened. The fish just moved away slowly and the old man could not raise him an inch. His line was strong and made for heavy fish and he held it against his back until it was so taut that beads of water were jumping from it. Then it began to make a slow hissing sound in the water and still held it...
...
This will kill him, the old man thought. He can't do this for ever. But four hours later the fish was still swimming steadily out to sea, towing the skiff, and the old man was still bracing solidly with the line across his back.
(没有动静,鱼已经缓慢地游走了。老人试了试,一点也拉不动。钓绳很结实,是专门用来钓大鱼的。他把钓绳绕到背上,由于拉得太紧,上面沥出一串串水珠。稍后,钓绳又嘶嘶地响着,渐渐没入水中,但仍然被鱼拉扯着......。
......
老人想,他这样会把自己害死的。他不可能永远就这么着。但四个小时过后,鱼依然稳稳地向深海游去,背后拖着小船,而老人依旧在背上牢牢地绕着钓绳。)
上面这段文字主要描写大鱼上钩的情景。一般情况下,鱼刚被钓到会剧烈地挣扎,以求逃生。而这条鱼很特殊。他似乎很安静,竟然用了四个小时的时间拖着小船游向深海。
按照老人的推测,这是一条经验丰富的鱼。他知道挣扎意味着消耗体力,其结果是自取失败。因此他要保存体力,慢慢地跟老人耗,耐心地等待最后的机会。
从某种意义上讲,这是一条有力量,同时也有智慧的鱼。他不像那些毛毛鱼,动不动就乱蹦乱跳,也不像那些有力气无头脑的鱼,只凭着一身蛮力横冲直撞。他有自己的力量,同时有自己的谋略,而且很可能,他在遇到老人之前就遭遇过多次的劫难,但每次,都因为利用了自己的力量和谋略得以逃脱。
很明显,海明威是故意塑造这样一条大鱼形象的。因为,只有这条鱼足够巨大,足够聪明,才能突出老人的意志坚定,捕鱼技术高超,以及老人战胜大鱼后的那种精神崇高感。
老人从中午钓到大鱼,又坚持了一整夜,以为鱼应该疲惫了,但没想到的是,鱼的力气依然很足,继续拉着小船在海上移动。
过了很长时间,期间老人还因为大鱼的猛拉受了伤,老人的右手感觉到了钓绳拉力的变化,然后看到:

The line rose slowly and steadily and then the surface of the ocean bulged ahead of the boat and the fish came out. He came out unendingly and water poured from jis side. He was bright in the sun and his head and back were dark purple and in the sun the stripes on his sides showed wide and a light lavender. His sword was as long as a baseball bat and tapered like a rapier and he rose his full length from the water and then reentered it, smoothly, like a diver and the old man saw the great scythe-blade of his tail go under and the line commenced to race out.
(钓绳缓慢而稳定地上升。尔后,船前面的海面隆起,大鱼显现了。他不断地露出水面,简直没完没了,海水从两侧倾泻而下。他的身体在阳光下显得非常明亮,头和脊背呈深紫色。阳光下,他两侧的条纹看起来很宽,颜色淡紫。他那剑状上颚像棒球棒一样长,逐渐变窄,宛如一把无刃轻剑。他把整个身体从水中升起来,然后又像跳水运动员那样,平稳地入水。老人看见大镰刀形状的尾巴沉入海水的时候,击得钓绳迅速荡开。)

上面这段文字画面感特强,把大鱼浮出水面、腾空而起、落入大海的一连串动作刻画得栩栩如生。大鱼动作优雅,神态安详,没有显出拖着小船游了将近二十四小时之后的疲惫或仓皇。
读到这儿,读者发现,海明威简直不是在写动物,而是在写一个在战场上负伤却满脸镇静的贵族。在简洁而又不动声色的描述中,海明威实际上已经表达了对大鱼的无比尊敬。

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