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iOS 开发中常见的错误类型和调试技巧

2016-05-26  本文已影响1222人  光明程辉

(http:https://img.haomeiwen.com/i1197386/a0a0fd650cb43047.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

2、个人的小总结: http://m.blog.csdn.net/article/details?id=52180380

3、iOS中的url编码问题,下面拿出一个实例,要stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding 来转换:

Snip20160818_1.png

结果为null,肯定的啦! 图片加载显示等,都要转UTF8.

Snip20160818_2.png

4、自动布局Autolayout

屏幕快照 2016-08-19 13.47.35.png

5、App迭代开发版本号的规则

首先我们的App第一版本首次上线, 比如以1.0.0为首次上线的版本号:

1.上线后突然发现一个严重的Bug那我们就要修复更新版本, 此时我们的版本号为1.0.1
所以说如果修复Bug或者优化功能, 我们只修改叠加第三位数字, 其他不变

2.如果有了新的需求, 在原来的基础上增加了一个新功能, 那么我们的版本号变为1.1.0, 需要清空第三位数字为0, 来叠加修改第二位数字

3.如果App需求功能大改, 更新量非常大, 那我们的版本号变为2.0.0, 需要叠加修改第一位数字, 清空其他数字为0

6、设置图片圆角

通常我们这么设置的:(少量可以使用该设置,但是使用的频率多的话就不建议了)

//cornerRadius 设置为self.iconImage图片宽度的一半(圆形图片)
self.iconImage.layer.cornerRadius = 20;
self.iconImage.layer.masksToBounds = YES;

/** 设置圆形图片(放到分类中使用) */

- (UIImage *)cutCircleImage {
UIGraphicsBeginImageContextWithOptions(self.size, NO, 0.0);
// 获取上下文
CGContextRef ctr = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
// 设置圆形
CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, self.size.width, self.size.height);
CGContextAddEllipseInRect(ctr, rect);
// 裁剪
CGContextClip(ctr);
// 将图片画上去
[self drawInRect:rect];
UIImage *image = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
return image;
}

7、xib 的常见问题

(1) 如果在xib中有一个控件, 已经明确设置尺寸了,输出的frame也是对的, 但是显示出来的效果不一样(比如尺寸变大了), 如果是这种情况一般就是autoresizingMask自动伸缩属性在搞鬼! 解决办法如下:

//xib的awakeFromNib方法中设置UIViewAutoresizingNone进行清空

8、出现方法同名

出现类似的错误的话,就是你的方法或属性,在不同的类同名了。下面的图片我忘了标记 duplicate 这个词语了,意思是“重复”,在第6行可以看到该单词。

Snip20160823_2.png

解决办法:去掉或改变方法的名字就可以了。

以下是某作者的总结:(http://www.jianshu.com/p/4523eafb4cd4

pragma mark - 打印系统所有已注册的字体名称

void enumerateFonts()
{
for(NSString *familyName in [UIFont familyNames])
{
NSLog(@"%@",familyName);
NSArray *fontNames = [UIFont fontNamesForFamilyName:familyName];
for(NSString *fontName in fontNames)
{
NSLog(@"\t|- %@",fontName);
}
}
}
获取图片某一点的颜色

//第二种:

if ([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] floatValue] >= 8.0)
{
na.modalPresentationStyle = UIModalPresentationOverCurrentContext;
}
else
{
self.modalPresentationStyle=UIModalPresentationCurrentContext;
}

[self presentViewController:na animated:YES completion:nil];
Xcode调试不显示内存占用
editSCheme 里面有个选项叫叫做enable zoombie Objects 取消选中
显示隐藏文件
//显示
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true
killall Finder

//隐藏
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool false
killall Finder
字符串按多个符号分割

image.png
iOS跳转到App Store下载应用评分
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"itms-apps://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewContentsUserReviews?type=Purple+Software&id=APPID"]];
iOS 获取汉字的拼音

if (viewcontrollers.count > 1)
{
if ([viewcontrollers objectAtIndex:viewcontrollers.count - 1] == self)
{
//push方式
[self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];
}
}
else
{
//present方式
[self dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
}
获取实际使用的LaunchImage图片

NSDictionary *settings = proxies[0];
NSLog(@"%@",[settings objectForKey:(NSString *)kCFProxyHostNameKey]);
NSLog(@"%@",[settings objectForKey:(NSString *)kCFProxyPortNumberKey]);
NSLog(@"%@",[settings objectForKey:(NSString *)kCFProxyTypeKey]);

if ([[settings objectForKey:(NSString *)kCFProxyTypeKey] isEqualToString:@"kCFProxyTypeNone"])
{
NSLog(@"没代理");
}
else
{
NSLog(@"设置了代理");
}
阿拉伯数字转中文格式
+(NSString *)translation:(NSString *)arebic
{
NSString *str = arebic;
NSArray *arabic_numerals = @[@"1",@"2",@"3",@"4",@"5",@"6",@"7",@"8",@"9",@"0"];
NSArray *chinese_numerals = @[@"一",@"二",@"三",@"四",@"五",@"六",@"七",@"八",@"九",@"零"];
NSArray *digits = @[@"个",@"十",@"百",@"千",@"万",@"十",@"百",@"千",@"亿",@"十",@"百",@"千",@"兆"];
NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:chinese_numerals forKeys:arabic_numerals];

NSMutableArray *sums = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i = 0; i < str.length; i ++) {
    NSString *substr = [str substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)];
    NSString *a = [dictionary objectForKey:substr];
    NSString *b = digits[str.length -i-1];
    NSString *sum = [a stringByAppendingString:b];
    if ([a isEqualToString:chinese_numerals[9]])
    {
        if([b isEqualToString:digits[4]] || [b isEqualToString:digits[8]])
        {
            sum = b;
            if ([[sums lastObject] isEqualToString:chinese_numerals[9]])
            {
                [sums removeLastObject];
            }
        }else
        {
            sum = chinese_numerals[9];
        }

        if ([[sums lastObject] isEqualToString:sum])
        {
            continue;
        }
    }

    [sums addObject:sum];
}

NSString *sumStr = [sums componentsJoinedByString:@""];
NSString *chinese = [sumStr substringToIndex:sumStr.length-1];
NSLog(@"%@",str);
NSLog(@"%@",chinese);
return chinese;

}
Base64编码与NSString对象或NSData对象的转换
// Create NSData object
NSData *nsdata = [@"iOS Developer Tips encoded in Base64"
dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

// Get NSString from NSData object in Base64
NSString *base64Encoded = [nsdata base64EncodedStringWithOptions:0];

// Print the Base64 encoded string
NSLog(@"Encoded: %@", base64Encoded);

// Let's go the other way...

// NSData from the Base64 encoded str
NSData *nsdataFromBase64String = [[NSData alloc]
initWithBase64EncodedString:base64Encoded options:0];

// Decoded NSString from the NSData
NSString *base64Decoded = [[NSString alloc]
initWithData:nsdataFromBase64String encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"Decoded: %@", base64Decoded);
取消UICollectionView的隐式动画
UICollectionView在reloadItems的时候,默认会附加一个隐式的fade动画,有时候很讨厌,尤其是当你的cell是复合cell的情况下(比如cell使用到了UIStackView)。下面几种方法都可以帮你去除这些动画
//方法一
[UIView performWithoutAnimation:^{
[collectionView reloadItemsAtIndexPaths:@[[NSIndexPath indexPathForItem:index inSection:0]]];
}];

//方法二
[UIView animateWithDuration:0 animations:^{
[collectionView performBatchUpdates:^{
[collectionView reloadItemsAtIndexPaths:@[[NSIndexPath indexPathForItem:index inSection:0]]];
} completion:nil];
}];

//方法三
[UIView setAnimationsEnabled:NO];
[self.trackPanel performBatchUpdates:^{
[collectionView reloadItemsAtIndexPaths:@[[NSIndexPath indexPathForItem:index inSection:0]]];
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[UIView setAnimationsEnabled:YES];
}];
让Xcode的控制台支持LLDB类型的打印
打开终端输入三条命令:
touch ~/.lldbinit
echo display @import UIKit >> ~/.lldbinit
echo target stop-hook add -o "target stop-hook disable" >> ~/.lldbinit
CocoaPods pod install/pod update更新慢的问题
pod install --verbose --no-repo-update
pod update --verbose --no-repo-update
如果不加后面的参数,默认会升级CocoaPods的spec仓库,加一个参数可以省略这一步,然后速度就会提升不少
UIImage 占用内存大小
UIImage image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"aa"];
NSUInteger size = CGImageGetHeight(image.CGImage) * CGImageGetBytesPerRow(image.CGImage);
GCD timer定时器
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_source_t timer = dispatch_source_create(DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_TIMER, 0, 0,queue);
dispatch_source_set_timer(timer,dispatch_walltime(NULL, 0),1.0
NSEC_PER_SEC, 0); //每秒执行
dispatch_source_set_event_handler(timer, ^{
//@"倒计时结束,关闭"
dispatch_source_cancel(timer);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

});

});
dispatch_resume(timer);
图片上绘制文字 写一个UIImage的category

//文件夹大小

与floor函数对应的是ceil函数,即上取整函数。

ceil函数的作用是求不小于给定实数的最小整数。
ceil(2)=ceil(1.2)=cei(1.5)=2.00

floor函数与ceil函数的返回值均为double型
计算字符串字符长度,一个汉字算两个字符
//方法一:

//方法二:
-(NSUInteger) unicodeLengthOfString: (NSString *) text
{
NSUInteger asciiLength = 0;
for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < text.length; i++)
{
unichar uc = [text characterAtIndex: i];
asciiLength += isascii(uc) ? 1 : 2;
}
return asciiLength;
}
给UIView设置图片
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"image"];
self.MYView.layer.contents = (__bridge id _Nullable)(image.CGImage);
self.MYView.layer.contentsRect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 0.5, 0.5);
防止scrollView手势覆盖侧滑手势
[scrollView.panGestureRecognizerrequireGestureRecognizerToFail:self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer];
去掉导航栏返回的back标题
[[UIBarButtonItemappearance]setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(0, -60)forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
字符串中是否含有中文

可选值如下:
About — prefs:root=General&path=About
Accessibility — prefs:root=General&path=ACCESSIBILITY
Airplane Mode On — prefs:root=AIRPLANE_MODE
Auto-Lock — prefs:root=General&path=AUTOLOCK
Brightness — prefs:root=Brightness
Bluetooth — prefs:root=General&path=Bluetooth
Date & Time — prefs:root=General&path=DATE_AND_TIME
FaceTime — prefs:root=FACETIME
General — prefs:root=General
Keyboard — prefs:root=General&path=Keyboard
iCloud — prefs:root=CASTLE
iCloud Storage & Backup — prefs:root=CASTLE&path=STORAGE_AND_BACKUP
International — prefs:root=General&path=INTERNATIONAL
Location Services — prefs:root=LOCATION_SERVICES
Music — prefs:root=MUSIC
Music Equalizer — prefs:root=MUSIC&path=EQ
Music Volume Limit — prefs:root=MUSIC&path=VolumeLimit
Network — prefs:root=General&path=Network
Nike + iPod — prefs:root=NIKE_PLUS_IPOD
Notes — prefs:root=NOTES
Notification — prefs:root=NOTIFICATI*****_ID
Phone — prefs:root=Phone
Photos — prefs:root=Photos
Profile — prefs:root=General&path=ManagedConfigurationList
Reset — prefs:root=General&path=Reset
Safari — prefs:root=Safari
Siri — prefs:root=General&path=Assistant
Sounds — prefs:root=Sounds
Software Update — prefs:root=General&path=SOFTWARE_UPDATE_LINK
Store — prefs:root=STORE
Twitter — prefs:root=TWITTER
Usage — prefs:root=General&path=USAGE
VPN — prefs:root=General&path=Network/VPN
Wallpaper — prefs:root=Wallpaper
Wi-Fi — prefs:root=WIFI

Image.png
动画暂停再开始
-(void)pauseLayer:(CALayer *)layer
{
CFTimeInterval pausedTime = [layer convertTime:CACurrentMediaTime() fromLayer:nil];
layer.speed = 0.0;
layer.timeOffset = pausedTime;
}

-(void)resumeLayer:(CALayer *)layer
{
CFTimeInterval pausedTime = [layer timeOffset];
layer.speed = 1.0;
layer.timeOffset = 0.0;
layer.beginTime = 0.0;
CFTimeInterval timeSincePause = [layer convertTime:CACurrentMediaTime() fromLayer:nil] - pausedTime;
layer.beginTime = timeSincePause;
}
fillRule原理

Image.png
iOS中数字的格式化
//通过NSNumberFormatter,同样可以设置NSNumber输出的格式。例如如下代码:
NSNumberFormatter *formatter = [[NSNumberFormatter alloc] init];
formatter.numberStyle = NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle;
NSString *string = [formatter stringFromNumber:[NSNumber numberWithInt:123456789]];
NSLog(@"Formatted number string:%@",string);
//输出结果为:[1223:403] Formatted number string:123,456,789

//其中NSNumberFormatter类有个属性numberStyle,它是一个枚举型,设置不同的值可以输出不同的数字格式。该枚举包括:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSNumberFormatterStyle) {
NSNumberFormatterNoStyle = kCFNumberFormatterNoStyle,
NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle = kCFNumberFormatterDecimalStyle,
NSNumberFormatterCurrencyStyle = kCFNumberFormatterCurrencyStyle,
NSNumberFormatterPercentStyle = kCFNumberFormatterPercentStyle,
NSNumberFormatterScientificStyle = kCFNumberFormatterScientificStyle,
NSNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle = kCFNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle
};
//各个枚举对应输出数字格式的效果如下:其中第三项和最后一项的输出会根据系统设置的语言区域的不同而不同。
[1243:403] Formatted number string:123456789
[1243:403] Formatted number string:123,456,789
[1243:403] Formatted number string:¥123,456,789.00
[1243:403] Formatted number string:-539,222,988%
[1243:403] Formatted number string:1.23456789E8
[1243:403] Formatted number string:一亿二千三百四十五万六千七百八十九
如何获取WebView所有的图片地址,
在网页加载完成时,通过js获取图片和添加点击的识别方式
//UIWebView

//第二种方法
[[self.navigationBar subviews] objectAtIndex:0].alpha = 0;
tabBar同理
[self.tabBar setBackgroundImage:[UIImage new]];
self.tabBar.shadowImage = [UIImage new];
navigationBar根据滑动距离的渐变色实现
//第一种

//生成一张纯色的图片

文档安装位置:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Documentation/DocSets

插件保存路径:
~/Library/ApplicationSupport/Developer/Shared/Xcode/Plug-ins

自定义代码段的保存路径:
~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/CodeSnippets/
如果找不到CodeSnippets文件夹,可以自己新建一个CodeSnippets文件夹。

描述文件路径
~/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning Profiles
navigationItem的BarButtonItem如何紧靠屏幕右边界或者左边界?
一般情况下,右边的item会和屏幕右侧保持一段距离:

image.png
下面是通过添加一个负值宽度的固定间距的item来解决,也可以改变宽度实现不同的间隔:
UIImage *img = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"icon_cog"] imageWithRenderingMode:UIImageRenderingModeAlwaysOriginal];
//宽度为负数的固定间距的系统item
UIBarButtonItem *rightNegativeSpacer = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemFixedSpace target:nil action:nil];
[rightNegativeSpacer setWidth:-15];

UIBarButtonItem *rightBtnItem1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithImage:img style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(rightButtonItemClicked:)];
UIBarButtonItem *rightBtnItem2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithImage:img style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(rightButtonItemClicked:)];
self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = @[rightNegativeSpacer,rightBtnItem1,rightBtnItem2];

image.png
会持续更新。。。

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