Uband外刊精读-笃学奖投稿

笃学奖-Topic 5-A14559-甘比精读

2017-03-13  本文已影响0人  Alice爱学习

Day 15: Words & Phrases

- strip

**~ sth (off) | ~ A (off / from B)/~ B (of A) **
to remove a layer from sth, especially so that it is completely exposed

- delusion

a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation

- marvel

to feel or express great surprise or admiration at something, especially someone’s behaviour:

- tremor

  1. a small earthquake in which the ground shakes slightly
  1. a slight shaking movement in a part of your body caused, for example, by cold or fear

- clarity

Clarity means clearness. Clean water running down a mountain has clarity. So does a lovely singing voice: it's clear and pure.
If you bring clarity to a situation, you help people see what really happened by clearing up misunderstandings or giving explanations. Sometimes people talk about having moments of clarity when suddenly everything about a particular situation or even about life itself comes into focus. People also talk about good writing having clarity when it is precise, clean, and easy to understand.

- flavor

If you think that something or someone is very popular at a particular time, you can say that they are flavour of the month.

- misplaced

  1. not appropriate or correct in the situation
  1. (of love, trust, etc.) given to a person who does not deserve or return those feelings

- unnerve

If you say that something unnerves you, you mean that it worries or troubles you.

- hamper

Use the verb hamper to describe an action that slows progress or makes it difficult to do something but not shut down completely.
Hamper often describes travel during bad weather, like icy conditions that could hamper holiday travel. Hamper means "slow going."
You may have heard of noun form of hamper, a container for holding dirty laundry: If your hamper is full, the need to do laundry could hamper your plans of going out and having fun.

- tragic

  1. A tragic event or situation is extremely sad, usually because it involves death or suffering.
  1. Tragic is used to refer to tragedy as a type of literature.

【拓展】tragically

- stature

Stature is the another way to say "height of a person," like the surprising stature of the movie star who seems so much taller in his action movies.
Stature comes from the Latin word statura, meaning "height, size of body, growth," but today, it also means "a high level of respect gained by achievement." For example, after you win a Nobel Prize, your new stature will bring new fans, more sales of your book, invitations to many exclusive dinner parties, and maybe even your picture on magazine covers all over the world.

- conviction

  1. ~ (that ...) a strong opinion or belief
  1. the feeling or appearance of believing sth strongly and of being sure about it

- virtue

Virtue is the quality of being morally good. If you're writing a screenplay and you want it to be a real tearjerker, make sure your hero is full of virtue.
The word virtue comes from the Latin root vir, for man. At first virtue meant manliness or valor, but over time it settled into the sense of moral excellence. Virtue can also mean excellence in general. One of your virtues might be your generous willingness to help out your friends. The phrase by virtue of means "as a result of" or "by authority of." You will achieve success by virtue of hard work (or by virtue of inside connections).

- totem

an animal or other natural object that is chosen and respected as a special symbol of a community or family, especially among Native Americans; an image of this animal, etc.
(尤指美洲土着的)图腾；图腾形象

- amulet

An amulet is a small object that you wear or carry because you think it will bring you good luck and protect you from evil or injury.

- pin

  1. to attach sth onto another thing or fasten things together with a pin, etc.
  1. to make sb unable to move by holding them or pressing them against sth

【拓展】
**pin (all) your hopes on sb / sth | pin your faith on sb / sth **
to rely on sb / sth completely for success or help

- nonplussed

If a conversation with someone leaves you scratching your head and wondering what point they were trying to make, you are nonplussed: bewildered, puzzled, often speechless.
Interestingly, there is no word plussed. You can only be nonplussed. People are nonplussed when they’re astounded, exasperated, or at a loss.

- crucifix

a model of a cross with a figure of Jesus Christ on it, as a symbol of the Christian religion
• (十字架)苦像；耶稣受难像

- at best

used for showing that something is not very good by emphasizing that your description of it is the best thing you can say about it

- credential

A credential is something that’s proof of a claim you make about yourself or your skills. You might earn a credential in computer networking that lets employers know that you’re qualified to do the job.
A credential can be a particular qualification that you earn or it can refer more generally to achievements or qualities that you’ve acquired over time. You’ll most often see the word credential used in its plural form: credentials. You typically refer to your credentials to show that you're qualified to do something. Your strong academic credentials might qualify you to work as an assistant at a hip magazine during the summer.

- platitudes

The English language contains many old, worn-out clichés, or platitudes. Phrases like "ants in your pants" and "as American as apple pie" are so overused that they've almost lost their meaning. People rely on these tired old remarks when they can't think of anything original to say. Be warned:** if you throw too many platitudes into your conversations, people are eventually going to get tired of listening to you.**

- notwithstanding

  1. (also used following the noun it refers to) without being affected by sth; despite sth
  1. despite this
    【SYN】 however , nevertheless

- deception

Deception is the act of deceiving someone or the state of being deceived by someone.

- well-lit

a place that is well-lit is bright because there electric lights, so it is easy for you to see what you are doing:

- alley

(also alley way ) a narrow passage behind or between buildings

- assignation

An assignation is a secret meeting with someone, especially with a lover.

- count

~ (for sth) (not used in the progressive tenses) to be important

- shuffle

  1. to walk slowly without lifting your feet completely off the ground
  1. to mix cards up in a pack / deck of playing cards before playing a game
  1. to move paper or things into different positions or a different order

- flashy

(informal, usually disapproving)

  1. (of things) attracting attention by being bright, expensive, large, etc.
  1. (of people ) attracting attention by wearing expensive clothes, etc.
  2. intended to impress by looking very skillful

- dismal

  1. causing or showing sadness
  1. not skilful or successful; of very low quality

【拓展】 dismally

- interminable

lasting a very long time and therefore boring or annoying; endless :

【拓展】interminably

- documentary

  1. a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about sth
  1. consisting of documents
  1. giving a record of or report on the facts about sth, especially by using pictures, recordings, etc. of people involved

footage

part of a film showing a particular event

- splice

If you splice two pieces of rope, film, or tape together, you join them neatly at the ends so that they make one continuous piece.

- X

  1. X can be used to represent the name of a person when you do not know their real name, or when you are trying to keep their real name a secret.
  1. You can use X or x to refer to a number or amount when you do not know exactly how much it is, or when this information is not important.

- muff

(informal, disapproving) to miss an opportunity to do sth well

- counting up

~ (sth) (up) to calculate the total number of people, things, etc. in a particular group

- sin

The most common definition of sin is religious: it's an immoral act against God or divine law. Any serious offense, even if it's not religious, can be called a sin, and so can something less serious if you're talking about it in a joking way, as in, "You've got to buy those shoes — it would be an absolute sin not to." In math, sin is the abbreviation of sine, the trigonometric function.

- cowardice

fear or lack of courage

- miss the point

if you miss the point, you think you understand what someone says or what is important about a situation, but in fact you are wrong:

- superstition

(often disapproving) the belief that particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained by reason or science; the belief that particular events bring good or bad luck

- ambivalent

~ (about / towards sb / sth) having or showing both good and bad feelings about sb / sth

- reconciliation

  1. ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sb)
    an end to a disagreement and the start of a good relationship again
  1. ~ (between A and B) | ~ (with sth)
    the process of making it possible for two different ideas, facts, etc. to exist together without being opposed to each other

- accommodation

(formal) an agreement or arrangement between people or groups with different opinions which is acceptable to everyone; the process of reaching this agreement

- adultery

Adultery is a word for cheating —** cheating on your spouse with another person**. Adultery isn’t a crime, but some people consider it a sin.
If two people are dating, and one fools around with someone else, it's not adultery. Only married people can commit adultery. If you commit adultery — and your spouse finds out — then you’ve got a lot of explaining to do. Although it's still highly frowned upon, cultural attitudes toward adultery have changed a lot: the classic book The Scarlet Letter shows how harshly women were once treated for committing adultery.

- excess

  1. ~ (of sth) more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable
  1. an amount by which sth is larger than sth else

- absolution

(especially in the Christian Church) a formal statement that a person is forgiven for what he or she has done wrong

- wrong

If someone wrongs you, they treat you in an unfair way.

- unduly

more than you think is reasonable or necessary
【SYN】 excessively :

- lose ground

to go into a position where you are less strong, advanced, or successful than someone else

- homely

  1. (BrE, approving) (of a place) making you feel comfortable, as if you were in your own home
  1. (approving, especially BrE) simple and good
  1. (BrE, approving) (of a woman) warm and friendly and enjoying the pleasures of home and family
  1. (NAmE, disapproving) (of a person's appearance) not attractive
    【SYN】 plain :

- instill/instil

~ sth (in / into sb) to gradually make sb feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time

- intangible

  1. that exists but that is difficult to describe, understand or measure
  1. (business ) that does not exist as a physical thing but is still valuable to a company

- admirable vs remarkable

  • Someone who deserves your admiration can be described as admirable. Your friend who saves homeless kittens in his spare time? An admirable person.

- emigrate

If you move to a different country, you emigrate. For example, if you are Canadian and you emigrate to Italy, you aren't on vacation — you are making Italy your new home. Benvenuti!
The words emigrate and immigrate both mean that a person has decided to permanently live in a foreign country, but to emigrate is to leave your country, and to immigrate is to come into a new country. To emigrate is to exit.

- incident

something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant

- hostile

~ (to / towards sb / sth) very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight

- donnée

Etymology: French, from feminine past participle of donner

  1. the main assumption or set of assumptions (as a social situation or set of personal relationships) upon which a work of literature or drama proceeds
  2. a basic fact, condition, or notion offering the chief source of dependence in shaping an action at a particular moment or juncture

- guise

Guise, a noun, is the art of pretending to be something you aren't, like when, in the guise of an invited guest, you fake your way into the party of the century.
No doubt you’ve noticed the similarity between guise and disguise. Both involve the art of deception: it’s the methods that differ.

- liaison

Employ the French-sounding word liaison to refer to a relationship, a link between people or groups who aids communication.
There are two main definitions for liaison that stem from Old French and before that, the Latin word for "to bind." The first definition refers in general to a connection or a relationship that serves effective communication. The second definition refers more specifically to an illicit relationship, or an affair, and can have a negative connotation.

- odds

(usually the odds) the degree to which sth is likely to happen

- coax

When you coax someone, you try to convince him gently, with pleasant words and maybe a little flattery. You’ll have to be patient, as you can’t rush someone you’re trying to coax.
When you coax, you have to be nice about it – you can’t threaten or force. You put on a little charm and gently urge, so that the person or thing is happy about being coaxed. You might coax the runaway elephant back into the zoo by patting her gently and talking into her ear. If you wake up with a terrible bedhead, you might coax your hair back into place with the help of a little hair gel and a comb.

- antidote

An antidote is a remedy that relieves. So if you get headaches from long bus rides, it's best to travel equipped with the key pain alleviating antidotes: Tylenol, lots of water and soothing music.

- sound

A sound is a noise, something you can hear if you're in the right spot and it's loud enough. A doorbell, a fire alarm, a cat's meow, or your brother's snoring — they’re all sounds.
Long Island Sound is another kind of sound — it’s a branch of the Atlantic Ocean that runs between Connecticut and Long Island, New York. When you don’t know a word, you might sound out the syllables — say them aloud — to figure out the pronunciation. Sound can also mean "solid or good." Sound advice is good advice. Sound investments are secure. When you have a sound sleep, it's restful and uninterrupted — at least until your alarm sounds.

- swoon

To swoon is to faint, due to lack of blood to the brain. Illness, fear, stress, and even happiness can cause people to swoon.

- commiserative

feeling or expressing sympathy

- carnal

Carnal is an adjective meaning "of the flesh." This makes carnal relations a subject that kids want to know more about, but one that both kids and parents may be embarrassed to talk about with each other.
Another use for carnal is to describe something that is worldly (as opposed to spiritual) — "He didn't have much use for religion, preferring the more carnal pursuits of gambling, drinking, and partying." The phrase "carnal knowledge" is often used euphemistically to refer to sexual relations, but the phrase has also been used in the legal sense to describe a specific sex crime.

- insofar

Use insofar to mean "as much" or "to the extent." You might, for example, say, "I will get my math homework done insofar as I can.
The adverb insofar is somewhat old fashioned and uncommon these days, but it's a good way to talk about doing something to a certain degree or extent. The British form of insofar is in so far.

- pointless

having no purpose; not worth doing

- despise

(not used in the progressive tenses) to dislike and have no respect for sb / sth

- consort

If you keep company with someone, you are consorting with them. "The students tended to consort only with other students from similar backgrounds. The staff wanted to break them out of their comfort zone, so they organized games to force them to mingle and meet new people."

- thrall

in (sb's / sth's) thrall | in thrall to sb / sth
(literary) controlled or strongly influenced by sb / sth

- untenable

(formal) (of a theory, position, etc.) that cannot be defended against attack or criticism

- flatter

When you flatter someone, you praise and compliment him or her — but you aren't totally sincere. You flatter your friend by telling her she's the best driver in the world. Because you want her to offer you a ride.

- empathy

~ (with sb / sth) | ~ (for sb / sth) | ~ (between A and B)
the ability to understand another person's feelings, experience, etc.

- ludicrous

unreasonable; that you cannot take seriously
【SYN】 absurd , ridiculous :

- at the mercy of

in a situation that is controlled by someone or something with the power to harm you

- contempt

~ (for sb / sth)
the feeling that sb / sth is without value and deserves no respect at all

- doomed

  1. If something is doomed to happen, or if you are doomed to a particular state, something unpleasant is certain to happen, and you can do nothing to prevent it.
  1. Someone or something that is doomed is certain to fail or be destroyed.

- despair

Despair is the feeling that everything is wrong and that nothing will improve.

- devine

If you divine something, you discover or learn it by guessing.

- alienation

An easy way to experience alienation from your nice-smelling friends is to go a month without bathing. Alienation is a state of being cut off or separate from a person or group of people.
The noun alienation describes the feeling that you're not part of a group. Your political views might cause you to feel a sense of alienation from the rest of your family, or your vegetarianism could result in alienation from your meat-eating friends. The Latin word for alien is alienus, "belonging to another." That idea of not belonging, or not fitting in, gave rise to the Latin verb alienare, "to estrange," which alienation comes from.

- self-reproach

the act of blaming yourself

- alien

Something that's alien is different or foreign. In science fiction, space aliens come from other planets. In reality, illegal aliens come from other countries.

- encounter

  1. An encounter with someone is a meeting with them, particularly one that is unexpected or significant.
  1. An encounter is a particular type of experience.

- the spectre of something

something that people are afraid of because it may affect them badly:

- out of the question

If an idea or suggestion is out of the question, it is completely impossible or it cannot be allowed:

【拓展】it’s out of the question for somebody (to do something)

【区别】out of question
unquestionable, without doubt

Day 16: Classical Allusions

Classical Allusion.jpg
- Phi Beta Kappa

The Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest honor society for the liberal arts and sciences in the United States, with 286 active chapters. Widely considered to be the nation's most prestigious honor society, Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences and to induct the most outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities. Founded at The College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776, as the first collegiate Greek-letter fraternity, it was among the earliest collegiate fraternal societies and remains the oldest existing American academic honor society. Phi Beta Kappa (ΦΒΚ) stands for Φιλοσοφία Βίου Κυβερνήτης or in Latin letters Philosophia Biou Cybernētēs, which means "Love of learning is the guide of life" or "Philosophy is the governor of one's life."

- Stanford-Binet scale

The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford-Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet-Simon Scale by Lewis M. Terman, a psychologist at Stanford University. The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale is now in its fifth edition (SB5) and was released in 2003. It is a cognitive ability and intelligence test that is used to diagnose developmental or intellectual deficiencies in young children. The test measures five weighted factors and consists of both verbal and nonverbal subtests. The five factors being tested are knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, and fluid reasoning.

- Rhett Butler & Scarlett O’Hara
Gone with the Wind.jpg Scarlett O'Hara is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, considered a vastly inferior sequel to Gone with the Wind written under contract by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. Initially, author Margret Mitchell referred to her heroine as "Pansy" until just before publication. Upon advice from her editor, who felt readers would relate to the fiery character better under a more dramatic name, she changed the name to "Scarlett".
Rhett Butler is a fictional character and one of the main protagonists of Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell.
- Eden

Garden of Eden, biblical Paradise, the "garden of God" described in the Book of Genesis
伊甸园是地上的乐园，根据《圣经·旧约·创世纪》记载，神·耶和华照自己的形像造了人类的祖先男人亚当，再用亚当的一个肋骨创造了女人夏娃，并安置第一对男女住在伊甸园中。


Eden.jpg

伊甸园在圣经的原文含有乐园的意思。圣经记载伊甸园在东方，诗人阿利盖利·但丁的《神曲》则将伊甸园置于炼狱山的顶点。有四条河从伊甸之地流出并滋润园里，这四条河分别是幼发拉底河、底格里斯河、基训河和比逊河。
人类的祖先因偷吃禁果而犯下原罪，被上帝流放，这一事迹被称为失乐园（Paradise Lost）。相应的，经过末日审判之后的人类获得救赎，重新回归乐园，这被称为复乐园（Paradise Regained）

- Appointment in Samara
Appointment in Samarra.jpeg Appointment In Samarra, published in 1934, is the first novel by American writer John O'Hara (1905 – 1970). It concerns the self-destruction and suicide of the fictional character Julian English, a wealthy car dealer who was once a member of the social elite of Gibbsville (O'Hara's fictionalized version of Pottsville, Pennsylvania). The book created controversy due to O'Hara's inclusion of sexual content.
In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Appointment in Samarra 22nd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
- The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream.

- Jordan Baker

Reference: http://www.shmoop.com/great-gatsby/jordan-baker.html
A character in the 1925 novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

jordan.png
- Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights is a wild, passionate story of the intense and almost demonic love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, a foundling adopted by Catherine s father. After Mr Earnshaw s death, Heathcliff is bullied and humiliated by Catherine s brother Hindley and wrongly believing that his love for Catherine is not reciprocated, leaves Wuthering Heights, only to return years later as a wealthy and polished man. He proceeds to exact a terrible revenge for his former miseries. The action of the story is chaotic and unremittingly violent, but the accomplished handling of a complex structure， the evocative descriptions of the lonely moorland setting and the poetic grandeur of vision combine to make this unique novel a masterpiece of English literature.

- Raskolnikov
Crime and Punishment.jpg
A fictional character in Dostoevsky's novel “Crime and Punishment”; he kills old women because he believes he is beyond the bounds of good or evil.
这是陀斯妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》的男主人公，中文音译为“拉斯柯尔尼科夫”。小说描写穷大学生拉斯柯尔尼科夫受无政府主义思想毒害，认为自己是个超人，可以为所欲为。为生计所迫，他杀死放高利贷的老太婆阿廖娜和她的无辜妹妹丽扎韦塔，制造了一起震惊全俄的凶杀案。经历了一场内心痛苦的忏悔后，他最终在基督徒索尼雅姑娘的规劝下，投案自首，被判流放西伯利亚。作品着重刻画主人公犯罪后的心理变化，揭示俄国下层人民的苦难生活。
- Francesca da Rimini & Paolo Malatesta

Francesca was the sister-in-law of Paolo Malatesta, and both were married, but they fell in love. Their tragic adulterous story was told by Dante in his Divine Comedy, Canto V of the Inferno, and was a popular subject with Victorian artists and sculptors, especially with followers of the Pre-Raphaelite ideology, and with other writers.


Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_(1855).jpg

“Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta are punished together in hell for their adultery: Francesca was married to Paolo's brother, Gianciotto ("Crippled John"). Francesca's shade tells Dante that her husband is destined for punishment in Caina--the infernal realm of familial betrayal named after Cain, who killed his brother Abel (Genesis 4:8)--for murdering her and Paolo. Francesca was the aunt of Guido Novello da Polenta, Dante's host in Ravenna during the last years of the poet's life (1318-21). She was married (c. 1275) for political reasons to Gianciotto of the powerful Malatesta family, rulers of Rimini. Dante may have actually met Paolo in Florence (where Paolo was capitano del popolo--a political role assigned to citizens of other cities--in 1282), not long before he and Francesca were killed by Gianciotto.

Day 17: Logical lines Ⅰ

Self-respect 逻辑导图.png 笃师逻辑图.jpg
逻辑导图思路总结：

Day 18: Logical lines Ⅱ

Self-respect 行文逻辑图.png Day 18 笃师示范-行文思路逻辑导图.jpg
行文逻辑图思路总结：

Day 19: Summary & Feelings

有关于学习任务

有关于文章的感悟和体会

最后推荐一部自己非常喜欢的电影---** Front of the Class **，希望能够给大家带去感动~

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读