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实践基于Redis的分布式锁

2018-01-09  本文已影响1924人  程序熊大

本文来自社区这周的讨论话题—— 技术专题讨论第四期:漫谈分布式锁,也总结了我对分布式锁的认知和使用经验。

应用场景

当多个机器(多个进程)会对同一条数据进行修改时,并且要求这个修改是原子性的。这里有两个限定:(1)多个进程之间的竞争,意味着JDK自带的锁失效;(2)原子性修改,意味着数据是有状态的,修改前后有依赖。

实现方式

这三种方式中,我接触过第一和第三种。基于redis的分布式锁功能更加强大,可以实现阻塞和非阻塞锁。

基于Redis的实践

锁的实现

public class RedisDistributionLock {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisDistributionLock.class);

    //key的TTL,一天
    private static final int finalDefaultTTLwithKey = 24 * 3600;

    //锁默认超时时间,20秒
    private static final long defaultExpireTime = 20 * 1000;

    private static final boolean Success = true;
    
    @Resource( name = "redisTemplate")
    private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplateForGeneralize;

    /**
     * 加锁,锁默认超时时间20秒
     * @param resource
     * @return
     */
    public boolean lock(String resource) {
        return this.lock(resource, defaultExpireTime);
    }

    /**
     * 加锁,同时设置锁超时时间
     * @param key 分布式锁的key
     * @param expireTime 单位是ms
     * @return
     */
    public boolean lock(String key, long expireTime) {

        logger.debug("redis lock debug, start. key:[{}], expireTime:[{}]",key,expireTime);
        long now = Instant.now().toEpochMilli();
        long lockExpireTime = now + expireTime;

        //setnx
        boolean executeResult = redisTemplateForGeneralize.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key,String.valueOf(lockExpireTime));
        logger.debug("redis lock debug, setnx. key:[{}], expireTime:[{}], executeResult:[{}]", key, expireTime,executeResult);

        //取锁成功,为key设置expire
        if (executeResult == Success) {
            redisTemplateForGeneralize.expire(key,finalDefaultTTLwithKey, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            return true;
        }
        //没有取到锁,继续流程
        else{
            Object valueFromRedis = this.getKeyWithRetry(key, 3);
            // 避免获取锁失败,同时对方释放锁后,造成NPE
            if (valueFromRedis != null) {
                //已存在的锁超时时间
                long oldExpireTime = Long.parseLong((String)valueFromRedis);
                logger.debug("redis lock debug, key already seted. key:[{}], oldExpireTime:[{}]",key,oldExpireTime);
                //锁过期时间小于当前时间,锁已经超时,重新取锁
                if (oldExpireTime <= now) {
                    logger.debug("redis lock debug, lock time expired. key:[{}], oldExpireTime:[{}], now:[{}]", key, oldExpireTime, now);
                    String valueFromRedis2 = redisTemplateForGeneralize.opsForValue().getAndSet(key, String.valueOf(lockExpireTime));
                    long currentExpireTime = Long.parseLong(valueFromRedis2);
                    //判断currentExpireTime与oldExpireTime是否相等
                    if(currentExpireTime == oldExpireTime){
                        //相等,则取锁成功
                        logger.debug("redis lock debug, getSet. key:[{}], currentExpireTime:[{}], oldExpireTime:[{}], lockExpireTime:[{}]", key, currentExpireTime, oldExpireTime, lockExpireTime);
                        redisTemplateForGeneralize.expire(key, finalDefaultTTLwithKey, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                        return true;
                    }else{
                        //不相等,取锁失败
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                logger.warn("redis lock,lock have been release. key:[{}]", key);
                return false;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private Object getKeyWithRetry(String key, int retryTimes) {
        int failTime = 0;
        while (failTime < retryTimes) {
            try {
                return redisTemplateForGeneralize.opsForValue().get(key);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                failTime++;
                if (failTime >= retryTimes) {
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 解锁
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public boolean unlock(String key) {
        logger.debug("redis unlock debug, start. resource:[{}].",key);
        redisTemplateForGeneralize.delete(key);
        return Success;
    }
}

自定义注解使用分布式锁

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface RedisLockAnnoation {

    String keyPrefix() default "";

    /**
     * 要锁定的key中包含的属性
     */
    String[] keys() default {};

    /**
     * 是否阻塞锁;
     * 1. true:获取不到锁,阻塞一定时间;
     * 2. false:获取不到锁,立即返回
     */
    boolean isSpin() default true;

    /**
     * 超时时间
     */
    int expireTime() default 10000;

    /**
     * 等待时间
     */
    int waitTime() default 50;

    /**
     * 获取不到锁的等待时间
     */
    int retryTimes() default 20;
}

实现分布式锁的逻辑

@Component
@Aspect
public class RedisLockAdvice {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedisLockAdvice.class);

    @Resource
    private RedisDistributionLock redisDistributionLock;

    @Around("@annotation(RedisLockAnnoation)")
    public Object processAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        //获取方法上的注解对象
        String methodName = pjp.getSignature().getName();
        Class<?> classTarget = pjp.getTarget().getClass();
        Class<?>[] par = ((MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature()).getParameterTypes();
        Method objMethod = classTarget.getMethod(methodName, par);
        RedisLockAnnoation redisLockAnnoation = objMethod.getDeclaredAnnotation(RedisLockAnnoation.class);

        //拼装分布式锁的key
        String[] keys = redisLockAnnoation.keys();
        Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();
        Object arg = args[0];
        StringBuilder temp = new StringBuilder();
        temp.append(redisLockAnnoation.keyPrefix());
        for (String key : keys) {
            String getMethod = "get" + StringUtils.capitalize(key);
            temp.append(MethodUtils.invokeExactMethod(arg, getMethod)).append("_");
        }
        String redisKey = StringUtils.removeEnd(temp.toString(), "_");

        //执行分布式锁的逻辑
        if (redisLockAnnoation.isSpin()) {
            //阻塞锁
            int lockRetryTime = 0;
            try {
                while (!redisDistributionLock.lock(redisKey, redisLockAnnoation.expireTime())) {
                    if (lockRetryTime++ > redisLockAnnoation.retryTimes()) {
                        logger.error("lock exception. key:{}, lockRetryTime:{}", redisKey, lockRetryTime);
                        throw ExceptionUtil.geneException(CommonExceptionEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR);
                    }
                    ThreadUtil.holdXms(redisLockAnnoation.waitTime());
                }
                return pjp.proceed();
            } finally {
                redisDistributionLock.unlock(redisKey);
            }
        } else {
            //非阻塞锁
            try {
                if (!redisDistributionLock.lock(redisKey)) {
                    logger.error("lock exception. key:{}", redisKey);
                    throw ExceptionUtil.geneException(CommonExceptionEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR);
                }
                return pjp.proceed();
            } finally {
                redisDistributionLock.unlock(redisKey);
            }
        }
    }
}

参考资料

  1. Java分布式锁三种实现方案
  2. Java注解的基础与高级应用
  3. 基于 AOP 和 Redis 实现的分布式锁
  4. 如何高效排查系统故障?一分钱引发的系统设计“踩坑”案例
  5. 用redis实现分布式锁
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