AIDL

google-AIDL
在Android ，进程独立，内存也独立，IPC binder 通信，数据与进程绑定，使用完成进行释放，因此数据分割合理。
如果使用binder 也可以绑定通信，为啥使用AIDL呢，使用AIDL 方面，工具生成code方便。
如果使用binder 然后调用transact（）函数发送给服务端，而且还得制定一个小协议，参数谁先谁后，服务端和客户端都必须一致，否则就会出错，如果接口非常多，浪费了时间，因此采用AIDL 工作生成是效率最高的。

采用AIDL 情况分析:
1- 多个客户端通过IPC 访问服务，多线程处理，采用AIDL
2- 一个客户端，多线程服务可以采用 Binder
3-一个客户端，不采用多线程服务可以使用 Messenger

aidl情况分析

定义AIDL 接口
您必须在 .aidl 文件中使用 Java 编程语言的语法定义 AIDL 接口，然后将其保存至应用的源代码（在 src/ 目录中）内，这类应用会托管服务或与服务进行绑定。

如要使用 AIDL 创建绑定服务，请执行以下步骤：

• 创建 .aidl 文件
• 实现接口
• 向客户端公开接口

1-创建 .aidl 文件
您必须使用 Java 编程语言构建 .aidl 文件。每个 .aidl 文件均须定义单个接口，并且只需要接口声明和方法签名
aidl 支持的数据类型 int、long、char、boolean ，String, List ,Map,CharSequence等等

IRemoteService.aidl

package com.example.android
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
/** Example service interface */
internal interface IRemoteService {
    /** Request the process ID of this service, to do evil things with it. */
    val pid:Int

    /** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    fun basicTypes(anInt:Int, aLong:Long, aBoolean:Boolean, aFloat:Float,
                 aDouble:Double, aString:String)
}

您只需将 .aidl 文件保存至项目的src/ 目录内，这样在构建应用时，SDK 工具便会在项目的 gen/ 目录中生成 IBinder接口文件。生成文件的名称与 .aidl 文件的名称保持一致，区别在于其使用 .java 扩展名（例如，IRemoteService.aidl 生成的文件名是 IRemoteService.java)

2-实现接口
当您构建应用时，Android SDK 工具会生成以 .aidl 文件命名的 .java 接口文件。生成的接口包含一个名为 Stub 的子类（例如，IRemoteService.Stub）

Server 端定义Stub binder:

private final IRemoteService.Stub binder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
    public int getPid(){
        return Process.myPid();
    }
    public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
        float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
        // Does nothing
    }
};

AIDL 实现规则：

• 考虑线程安全，服务多线程处理情况
• 考虑耗时，如果是耗时的接口，则不应该在MainAcivity 中使用，考虑使用线程进行处理
• 服务引发的任何异常都不会回传给调用方

3-向客户端公开接口
IRemoteService.Stub 是返回到客户端的binder
RemoteService 实现onBind 供客户端调用

public class RemoteService extends Service {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // Return the interface
        return binder;
    }

    private final IRemoteService.Stub binder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
        public int getPid(){
            return Process.myPid();
        }
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
            float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
            // Does nothing
        }
    };
}

客户端必须有接口类访问权限，因此如果客户端和服务在不同应用
客户端应用的src/目录内必须包含.aidl 文件（该文件会生成 android.os.Binder 接口，进而为客户端提供 AIDL 方法的访问权限）的副本。

客户端如何实现onServiceConnected 到Server；
onServiceConnected-->IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface 返回的类型是：iRemoteService ，因此调用到Server 端

客户端onServiceConnected：

IRemoteService iRemoteService;
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
    // Called when the connection with the service is established
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
        // Following the example above for an AIDL interface,
        // this gets an instance of the IRemoteInterface, which we can use to call on the service
        iRemoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
        ///iRemoteService  就是服务器端运行的service 代理，可以认为是透明的调用，服务器函数
    }

    // Called when the connection with the service disconnects unexpectedly
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Service has unexpectedly disconnected");
        iRemoteService = null;
    }
};

4-IPC 传递对象
您可以通过 IPC 接口，将某个类从一个客户进程发送至另一个server进程,您必须确保 IPC 通道的另一端可使用该类的代码，并且该类必须支持 Parcelable 接口, 其实就是客户进程发送的数据class， 在服务器端能够解析，因此实现默认的Parcelable 协议即可

Rect.aidl：

package android.graphics;

// Declare Rect so AIDL can find it and knows that it implements
// the parcelable protocol.
parcelable Rect;

Rect 实现Parcelable 协议的步骤：

• 让您的类实现 Parcelable 接口。
• 实现 writeToParcel，它会获取对象的当前状态并将其写入 Parcel。
• 为您的类添加 CREATOR 静态字段，该字段是实现 Parcelable.Creator 接口的对象。
• 最后，创建声明 Parcelable 类的 .aidl 文件

以下示例展示 Rect 类如何实现 Parcelable 协议

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

public final class Rect implements Parcelable {
    public int left;
    public int top;
    public int right;
    public int bottom;

    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Rect> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Rect>() {
        public Rect createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Rect(in);
        }

        public Rect[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Rect[size];
        }
    };

    public Rect() {
    }

    private Rect(Parcel in) {
        readFromParcel(in);
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
        out.writeInt(left);
        out.writeInt(top);
        out.writeInt(right);
        out.writeInt(bottom);
    }

    public void readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
        left = in.readInt();
        top = in.readInt();
        right = in.readInt();
        bottom = in.readInt();
    }

    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }
}

5-IPC 传递软件包(包含 Parcelable 类型)
IRectInsideBundle.aidl:

// IRectInsideBundle.aidl
package com.example.android;

/** Example service interface */
interface IRectInsideBundle {
    /** Rect parcelable is stored in the bundle with key "rect" */
    void saveRect(in Bundle bundle);
}

Server 端binder 实现：

private final IRectInsideBundle.Stub binder = new IRectInsideBundle.Stub() {
    public void saveRect(Bundle bundle){
        bundle.setClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());--》必须，否则ClassNotFoundException
        Rect rect = bundle.getParcelable("rect");
        process(rect); // Do more with the parcelable.
    }
};

6-AIDL- IPC 客户端使用例子

• 在项目的 src/ 目录中加入 .aidl 文件。
• 声明一个 IBinder 接口实例（基于 AIDL 生成）。
• 实现 ServiceConnection
• 调用 Context.bindService()，从而传入您的 ServiceConnection 实现。
• 在 onServiceConnected() 实现中，您将收到一个 IBinder 实例（名为 service）。调用 xxxInterfaceName.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) service)，以将返回的参数转换为 xxxInterface 类型。
• 调用您在接口上定义的方法。您应始终捕获 DeadObjectException 异常，系统会在连接中断时抛出此异常。您还应捕获 SecurityException 异常，当 IPC 方法调用中两个进程的 AIDL 定义发生冲突时，系统会抛出此异常。
• 如要断开连接，请使用您的接口实例调用 Context.unbindService()。

public static class Binding extends Activity {
    /** The primary interface we will be calling on the service. */
    IRemoteService mService = null;
    /** Another interface we use on the service. */
    ISecondary secondaryService = null;

    Button killButton;
    TextView callbackText;

    private InternalHandler handler;
    private boolean isBound;

    /**
     * Standard initialization of this activity.  Set up the UI, then wait
     * for the user to poke it before doing anything.
     */
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.remote_service_binding);

        // Watch for button clicks.
        Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
        button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
        button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
        button.setOnClickListener(unbindListener);
        killButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.kill);
        killButton.setOnClickListener(killListener);
        killButton.setEnabled(false);

        callbackText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);
        callbackText.setText("Not attached.");
        handler = new InternalHandler(callbackText);
    }

    /**
     * Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
     */
    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
                IBinder service) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // established, giving us the service object we can use to
            // interact with the service.  We are communicating with our
            // service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side
            // representation of that from the raw service object.
            mService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
            killButton.setEnabled(true);
            callbackText.setText("Attached.");

            // We want to monitor the service for as long as we are
            // connected to it.
            try {
                mService.registerCallback(mCallback);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                // In this case the service has crashed before we could even
                // do anything with it; we can count on soon being
                // disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)
                // so there is no need to do anything here.
            }

            // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
            Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_connected,
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
            mService = null;
            killButton.setEnabled(false);
            callbackText.setText("Disconnected.");

            // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
            Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_disconnected,
                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };

    /**
     * Class for interacting with the secondary interface of the service.
     */
    private ServiceConnection secondaryConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
                IBinder service) {
            // Connecting to a secondary interface is the same as any
            // other interface.
            secondaryService = ISecondary.Stub.asInterface(service);
            killButton.setEnabled(true);
        }

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            secondaryService = null;
            killButton.setEnabled(false);
        }
    };

    private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // Establish a couple connections with the service, binding
            // by interface names.  This allows other applications to be
            // installed that replace the remote service by implementing
            // the same interface.
            Intent intent = new Intent(Binding.this, RemoteService.class);
            intent.setAction(IRemoteService.class.getName());
            bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
            intent.setAction(ISecondary.class.getName());
            bindService(intent, secondaryConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
            isBound = true;
            callbackText.setText("Binding.");
        }
    };

    private OnClickListener unbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v) {
            if (isBound) {
                // If we have received the service, and hence registered with
                // it, then now is the time to unregister.
                if (mService != null) {
                    try {
                        mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        // There is nothing special we need to do if the service
                        // has crashed.
                    }
                }

                // Detach our existing connection.
                unbindService(mConnection);
                unbindService(secondaryConnection);
                killButton.setEnabled(false);
                isBound = false;
                callbackText.setText("Unbinding.");
            }
        }
    };

    private OnClickListener killListener = new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // To kill the process hosting our service, we need to know its
            // PID.  Conveniently our service has a call that will return
            // to us that information.
            if (secondaryService != null) {
                try {
                    int pid = secondaryService.getPid();
                    // Note that, though this API allows us to request to
                    // kill any process based on its PID, the kernel will
                    // still impose standard restrictions on which PIDs you
                    // are actually able to kill.  Typically this means only
                    // the process running your application and any additional
                    // processes created by that app as shown here; packages
                    // sharing a common UID will also be able to kill each
                    // other's processes.
                    Process.killProcess(pid);
                    callbackText.setText("Killed service process.");
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                    // Recover gracefully from the process hosting the
                    // server dying.
                    // Just for purposes of the sample, put up a notification.
                    Toast.makeText(Binding.this,
                            R.string.remote_call_failed,
                            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        }
    };

    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Code showing how to deal with callbacks.
    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * This implementation is used to receive callbacks from the remote
     * service.
     */
    private IRemoteServiceCallback mCallback = new IRemoteServiceCallback.Stub() {
        /**
         * This is called by the remote service regularly to tell us about
         * new values.  Note that IPC calls are dispatched through a thread
         * pool running in each process, so the code executing here will
         * NOT be running in our main thread like most other things -- so,
         * to update the UI, we need to use a Handler to hop over there.
         */
        public void valueChanged(int value) {
            handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(BUMP_MSG, value, 0));
        }
    };

    private static final int BUMP_MSG = 1;

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        private final WeakReference<TextView> weakTextView;

        InternalHandler(TextView textView) {
            weakTextView = new WeakReference<>(textView);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case BUMP_MSG:
                    TextView textView = weakTextView.get();
                    if (textView != null) {
                        textView.setText("Received from service: " + msg.arg1);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }
}

ref 参考