主成分分析3D

######### PCA___3D图(ps:画出来就牛了，.......正在试验中..........哦豁................试验成功.........)

library(scatterplot3d)
## 在做完pca后的数据中将一二列删除，加上对应的品种一列，并在第一行中加上行名
dat = read.table("pca-3d.txt",header=T, stringsAsFactors = T )
## stringsAsFactors = T 以factor格式将非数字变量导入
## class(dat$Breed) 查看变量类型
#####(这个是你的数据中包含的品种，顺序和txt里的顺序要一致)

最终导入的数据大概是这样子

QQ截图20220521165840.png

# 颜色
####, "paleturquoise3","blue",  "green3", "red1", "cyan", "orange",
### "magenta4", "yellowgreen", "darkorange3", "grey60", "black","red4", "purple3", "lawngreen"
color = c("mediumblue","darkred","green","dodgerblue1")
color <- color[as.numeric(dat$Breed)]
# 形状
shapes = c(1,2,3,4)
shapes <- shapes[as.numeric(dat$Breed)]
# 画图
scatterplot3d(dat[,1:3], main='PCA', type='p',
              highlight.3d=F, angle=75, grid=T, box=T, scale.y=1,
              cex.symbols=0.8 , col.grid='lightblue',
              xlab = "PC1",ylab = "PC2",zlab = "PC3",
              pch= shapes,
              color = color)
# 图例
## pch和上面的shapes对应，col和 上面color对应即可
legend("topright",  legend = levels(dat$Breed) ,
       col = c("mediumblue","darkred","green","dodgerblue1"),
       cex = 0.8, xpd = TRUE,inset = 0.03,ncol = 2, bty = "n",
       pch= c(1,2,3,4))

### cex  修改字体， ### pt.cex  修改点的大小
### inset  调整图注位置， ### xpd  是否允许在作图区域外作图
### bty  图例框  是否画出，o为画出，n为不画出  ### ncol  图例分类的列数
### title  给图例添加标题   ### pch   点的类型

####输出多角度图
###把画图那部分替换了就行了
pdf("pca-3D.pdf", onefile = TRUE, width = 8, height = 8)
diffangle = function(ang){
  scatterplot3d(dat[,1:3], main='PCA', type='p',
                highlight.3d=F, angle=ang, grid=T, box=T, scale.y=1,
                cex.symbols=0.8 , col.grid='lightblue',
                xlab = "PC1",ylab = "PC2",zlab = "PC3",
                pch= shapes,
                color = color)
  # 图例
  ## pch和上面的shapes对应，col和 上面color对应即可
  
  legend("topright",  legend = levels(dat$Breed) ,
         col = c("mediumblue","darkred","green","dodgerblue1"),
         cex = 0.8, xpd = TRUE,inset = 0.03,ncol = 2, bty = "n",
         pch= c(1,2,3,4))
  
}
sapply(seq(-360,260,5),diffangle)
dev.off()