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iOS刀法之UIAppearance那些事

2016-09-11  本文已影响396人  没了蜡笔de小新

相信大家肯定对这个UIAppearance不陌生吧,我们经常需要自定义一些界面展现,来适合我们App的内容,或来使App看起来更漂亮,有时我们不得不写大量的自定义控件来达到这个目的。遵守UIAppearance协议,使得自定义风格简单方便了很多,通过UIAppearance协议,我们快速的修改系统内置的控件的外观,也可以自己定义一些可自定义外观的控件。

列举出来它支持的类

1.UIActivitiIndicatorView     (菊花loading)  
2.UIBarButtonItem  
3.UIBarItem  
4.UINavgationBar  
5.UIPopoverControll  
6.UIProgressView  
7.UISearchBar  
8.UISegmentControll  
9.UISlider  
10.UISwitch  
11.UITabBar  
12.UITabBarItem  
13.UIToolBar  
14.UIView  
15.UIViewController```

* 磨刀不误砍柴工,我们先来看看它的实现原理

`在通过UIAppearance调用“UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR”标记的方法来配置外观时,UIAppearance实际上没有进行任何实际调用,而是把这个调用保存起来(在Objc中可以用NSInvocation对象来保存一个调用)。当实际的对象显示之前(添加到窗口上,drawRect:之前),就会对这个对象调用之前保存的调用。当这个setter调用后,你的界面风格自定义就完成了。`

还有一个需要注意的地方:全局的设置最好在`所有界面初始化前`开始设置,否则可能失效。

**部分UI外观修改代码如下(其他逻辑一样,未列举出来的自行解决 ,码字好累的说😭😭😭):**

1.修改导航栏背景
代码如下:

UINavigationBar * appearance = [UINavigationBar appearance];
UIImage *navBackgroundImg =[UIImage imageNamed:@"navBg.png”];
[appearance setBackgroundImage:navBackgroundImg forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];```

2.底部栏(UITabBar)
代码如下:

UITabBar *appearance = [UITabBar appearance];
//设置背景图片
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"tabbar_bg.png"]];
//门置选择item的背景图片
UIImage * selectionIndicatorImage =[[UIImage imageNamed:@"tabbar_slider"]resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(4, 0, 0, 0)] ;
[appearance setSelectionIndicatorImage:selectionIndicatorImage];```

3.分段控件(UISegmentControl)
代码如下:

UISegmentedControl *appearance = [UISegmentedControl appearance];
//Segmenteg正常背景
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente.png"]
forState:UIControlStateNormal
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
//Segmente选中背景
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_a.png"]
forState:UIControlStateSelected
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
//Segmente左右都未选中时的分割线
//BarMetrics表示navigation bar的状态,UIBarMetricsDefault 表示portrait状态(44pixel height),UIBarMetricsLandscapePhone 表示landscape状态(32pixel height)
[appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_line.png"]
forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_line.png"]
forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
rightSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[appearance setDividerImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"Segmente_line.png"]
forLeftSegmentState:UIControlStateNormal
rightSegmentState:UIControlStateSelected
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];```

4.修改字体

// 这里是为lable添加边框
NSDictionary *textAttributes1 = @{UITextAttributeFont: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                     UITextAttributeTextColor: [UIColor blueColor],
                                     UITextAttributeTextShadowColor: [UIColor whiteColor],
                                     UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset: [NSValue valueWithCGSize:CGSizeMake(1, 1)]};
[appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes1 forState:1];
NSDictionary *textAttributes2 = @{UITextAttributeFont: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
                                     UITextAttributeTextColor: [UIColor whiteColor],
                                     UITextAttributeTextShadowColor: [UIColor blackColor],
                                     UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset: [NSValue valueWithCGSize:CGSizeMake(1, 1)]};
[appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes2 forState:0];```

5.UIBarButtonItem
* 注意:UIBarButtonItem有left和right
代码如下:

//修改导航条上的UIBarButtonItem
UIBarButtonItem *appearance = [UIBarButtonItem appearanceWhenContainedIn:[UINavigationBar class], nil];
//设置导航栏的字体包括backBarButton和leftBarButton,rightBarButton的字体
NSDictionary *textAttributes = @{UITextAttributeFont: [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18],
UITextAttributeTextColor: [UIColorblueColor],
UITextAttributeTextShadowColor: [UIColor whiteColor],
UITextAttributeTextShadowOffset: [NSValue valueWithCGSize:CGSizeMake(1, 1)]};
[appearance setTitleTextAttributes:textAttributes forState:1];//forState为0时为下正常状态,为1时为点击状态。
//修改leftBarButton,rightBarButton背景效果
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"navBarButton.png"]
forState:UIControlStateNormal
style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"navBarButton_a.png"]
forState:UIControlStateHighlighted
style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];```

另外举个例子,另外一种实现自定义导航控制器返回按钮
代码如下:

[self.navigationController.navigationBar setTitleTextAttributes:@{NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor redColor],NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:19.0]}];  
self.title=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"第%lu页",(unsigned long)self.navigationController.viewControllers.count];  
//自定义返回按钮  
UIImage *backButtonImage = [[UIImage imageNamed:@"fanhui.png"] resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 30, 0, 0)];  
[[UIBarButtonItem appearance] setBackButtonBackgroundImage:backButtonImage forState:UIControlStateNormal barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];  
//将返回按钮的文字position设置不在屏幕上显示  
[[UIBarButtonItem appearance] setBackButtonTitlePositionAdjustment:UIOffsetMake(NSIntegerMin, NSIntegerMin) forBarMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];```
效果如下
![](http:https://img.haomeiwen.com/i1184094/cad69f2de6ad5ba1.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

5.工具栏(UIToolbar)

UIToolbar *appearance = [UIToolbar appearance];
//样式和背景二选一即可,看需求了
//样式(黑色半透明,不透明等)设置
[appearance setBarStyle:UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent];
//背景设置
[appearance setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"toolbarBg.png"]
forToolbarPosition:UIToolbarPositionAny
barMetrics:UIBarMetricsDefault];```

教程就讲到这里,你也可以下载👆下面的demo


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