学习词根---Unit 8.1
上周末的答案：
1. d, a 2. d, b 3. a, b 4. b, c 5. c, a 6. a, b 7. d, c 8. c, a 9. d, a 10. a, c 11. c, d 12. b, c
今天学习PORT和PEND两个词根。
PORT comes from the Latin verb portare, meaning "to carry." Thus, something portable can be carried around. A porter carries your luggage, whether through a train station or high into the Himalayas. When we transport something, we have it carried from one place to another. And goods for export are carried away to another country.
portage. The carrying of boats or goods overland from one body of water to another; also, a regular route for such carrying.
例句：The only portage on the whole canoe route would be the one around the great waterfall on our second day.
整个独木舟路线上唯一的一个港口就是我们第二天在大瀑布附近遇到的那个港口。
Portage was borrowed from French back in the 15th century to mean "carrying, transporting" or "freight," and it has kept its simple "carrying" sense to the present day. But its first known use in its "carrying of boats" sense came in 1698, and the obstacle that the canoes couldn't be steered over was none other than Niagara Falls. Though canoes are much lighter today than they used to be, a long portage that includes a lot of camping gear can still test a camper's strength.
portfolio. (1) A flat case for carrying documents or artworks. (2) The investments owned by a person or organization.
例句：In those days, a graphic artist who had recently moved to New York would just schlep his portfolio around to every magazine office in the city.
在那些日子里，最近搬到纽约的一位平面设计师只需将他的作品展示给该城市的所有杂志办公室。
Portfolio is partly based on the Latin folium, meaning "leaf, sheet." A portfolio usually represents a portable showcase of your talents. Today actual portfolios are used less than they used to be by artists, since most commercial artists have a Web site dedicated to showing off their art. But portfolio in its other common meaning is extremely common. Not so long ago, a broker would keep each of his or her clients' investments in a separate notebook or portfolio. Today the investment portfolio, like an artist's portfolio, usually takes the form of a Web page, even though everyone still uses the same old word.
comport. (1) To be in agreement with. (2) To behave.
例句：This new evidence comports with everything we know about what happened that night.
这一新证据与我们所了解的当晚发生的一切一致。
With the prefix com-, "with," the Latin word comportare meant "to bring together." So it's easy to see how in English we could say that a college's policy comports with state law, or that a visit to your parents doesn't comport with your other weekend plans, or that your aunt and uncle won't listen to anything on TV that doesn't comport with their prejudices. The "behave" sense of the word comes through French, and its essential meaning is how a person "carries" him- or herself. So you may say, for instance, that your 17-year-old comported himself well (for once!) at the wedding reception, or that an ambassador always comports herself with dignity--that is, her comportment is always dignified--or that your class comported itself in a way that was a credit to the school.
deportment. Manner of conducting oneself socially.
例句：At social events she would constantly sneak glances at Alexandra, in quiet admiration of her elegant and graceful deportment.
在社交活动中，她会不时地瞥一眼Alexandra，暗自羡慕她的优雅和得体的举止。
We‘ve all seen pictures of girls walking around balancing books on their heads in an effort to achieve the poise of a princess or a film star. Classes in deportment were once a standard part of a young lady's upbringing, offered in all the girls' colleges; and you can still take private deportment classes, where you'll learn about posture and body language, how to move, sit, stand, shake hands, dress, drink and eat, and much more. But deportment isn't all about refined female grace. In fact, deport is often used as a synonym for comport, but usually in a positive way; thus, people are often said to deport themselves well, confidently, with dignity, like gentlemen or ladies, and so on.
PEND comes from the Latin verb pendere, meaning "to hang" or "to weigh." (In the Roman era, weighing something large often required hanging it from a hook on one side of the balance scales.) We find the root in English words like appendix, referring to that useless and sometimes troublesome tube that hangs from the intestine, or that section at the back of some books that might contain some useful additional information.
pendant. Something that hangs down, especially as an ornament.
例句：Around her neck she was wearing the antique French pendant he had given her, with its three rubies set in silver filigree.
在她的脖子上，她戴着他送给她的古色古香的法国吊坠，上面镶着银色花丝的三颗红宝石。
Most pendants are purely decorative. But a pendant may also hold a picture or a lock of hair of a lover or a child. And, perhaps because they hang protectively in front of the body and near the heart, pendants have often had symbolic and magical purposes. Thus, a pendant may be a charm or amulet, or its gems or metals may be felt to have health-giving properties. In architecture, a pendant is an ornament that hangs down from a structure, but unlike a necklace pendant it's usually solid and inflexible.
append. To add as something extra.
例句：She appended to the memo a list of the specific items that the school was most in need of.
她在备忘录中附上了学校最需要的具体项目清单。
Append is a somewhat formal word. Lawyers, for example, often speak of appending items to other documents, and lawmakers frequently append small bills to big ones, hoping that everyone will be paying attention only to the main part of the big bill and won't notice. When we append a small separate section to the end of a report or a book, we call it an appendix. But in the early years of e-mail, the words we decided on were attach and attachment, probably because appendixes are thought of as unimportant, whereas the attachment is often the whole reason for sending an e-mail.
appendage. (1) Something joined on to a larger or more important body or thing. (2) A secondary body part, such as an arm or a leg.
例句：She often complained that she felt like a mere appendage of her husband when they socialized with his business partners.
她经常抱怨说，当他与商业伙伴交往时，她感觉自己只是丈夫的附属物。
Appendix isn't the only noun that comes from append. Unlike appendix, appendage doesn't suggest the end of something, but simply something attached. The word is often used in biology to refer to parts of an animal's body: an insect's antennae, mouthparts, or wings, for example. The appendages of some animals will grow back after they've been removed; a salamander, for example, can regrow a finger, and the tiny sea squirt can regrow all its appendages--and even its brain.
suspend. (1) To stop something, or to force someone to give up some right or position, for a limited time. (2) To hang something so that it is free on all sides.
例句：The country has been suspended from the major trade organizations, and the effects on its economy are beginning to be felt.
该国已被主要贸易组织暂停贸易，并且经济方面开始受到影响。
When something is suspended, it is "left hanging"; it is neither in full operation nor permanently ended. Suspense is a state of uncertainty and maybe anxiety. When we watch a play or movie, we enjoy experiencing a "suspension of disbelief"; that is, we allow ourselves to believe we're watching reality, even though we aren't truly fooled. Suspension can also mean physical hanging; thus, in a suspension bridge, the roadway actually hangs from huge cables. When some substance is "in suspension," its particles are "hanging" in another substance, mixed into it but not actually dissolved, like fine sand in water, or sea spray in the air at the seashore.
Quiz:
Choose the closest definition:
1. pendant a. porch b. salary c. flag d. ornament
2. portfolio a. mushroom b. folder c. painting d. carriage
3. suspend a. study carefully b. watch closely c. slip gradually d. stop temporarily
4. deportment a. manner b. section c. departure d. promotion
5. append a. close up b. predict c. attach d. reconsider
6. portage a. small dock b. river obstacle c. light boat d. short carry
7. comport a. bend b. behave c. join d. transport
8. appendage a. hanger b. body organ c. limb d. companion
