笃学奖-Topic3-B17465-甘比精读
Day8
1、barn
Abarnis an outbuilding on a farm used to keep animals or crops safe and dry. A farmer might store hay in the upper part of a barn, and have stalls for horses in the main section.
In rural areas there are many barns, often built from wood and standing near a main farmhouse. Some barns have wide doors with stalls for animals inside, and a hayloft at the top, where hay or other crops can be stored. In Old English, a barn orbereærnliterally meant "barley house," frombere, "barley," andaern, "house."
1.n an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals
2.n (physics) a unit of nuclear crosssection; the effective circular area that one particle presents to another as a target for an encounter
During the summer, each of the massivebarndoors would be flung open to let the breeze in.
2、photovoltaic
producing a voltage when exposed to radiant energy (especially light)
Solar towers use a method differing from the more commonphotovoltaicsolar panels, which convert sunlight directly into electricity.
Last month, the company acquired a formerphotovoltaicpilot facility in Germany.
3、manure
Gardeners use the wordmanureto mean a fertilizer made from animal waste.Manureis good for helping plants grow and stay healthy.
When you spread manure on your vegetable garden, you're feeding the soil and plants with nutrients that encourage growth. The manure itself might be, for example, a combination of cow dung and straw, or slightly decomposed chicken waste. Sometimes the wordmanureis used for any kind of fertilizer, including those made entirely from plants. The earliest meaning ofmanurewas "to cultivate land," from an Old French root word,manouvrer, "to work with the hands or cultivate."
The phosphorus and nitrogen in livestockmanureare essential to healthy ecosystems, according to a 2004 report released by the Chesape
4、grid
Agridis a network of intersecting parallel lines, whether real or imaginary. Most American streets are laid out in agridpattern, meaning the streets intersect at right angles and form a pattern of squares when viewed from above.
You've probably seen a map grid, the uniform lines drawn on a map that allow you to pinpoint a particular location.Gridcan also refer to a physical network of sorts, not necessarily made of straight or parallel lines. You may be familiar with the high voltage electrical cables that carry power throughout the country, known as the national grid. A gird can also be a device made up of intersecting metal bars that you use when grilling food.
That capacity is then wasted whengridoperators choose to use traditional energy sources, including coal, over renewables.
Severalgridsof aluminum tubes suggest Sol Lewitt’s minimalism, except for shiny coatings of auto-body lacquer and an occasional playful break in geometric arrangements.
5、anathema
Something that one absolutely and positively cannot stand isanathema. Garlic isanathemato vampires (ditto for stakes and daylight). So is kryptonite to Superman or a silver bullet to a werewolf.
Originally the termanathemacomes from the Catholic practice of denouncing a particular individual or idea that was antithetical to the Catholic Church. If done to a person, it excommunicated them, meaning they could no longer partake in the church's sacraments (with presumably pretty poor consequences for the soul.) That's a lot worse than kryptonite.
Might they raise other taxes, something that’s beenanathemato the GOP for decades?
Might they raise other taxes, something that’s beenanathemato Republicans for decades?
6、incumbent
Anincumbentis an official who holds an office. If you want to run for congress, you're going to have to beat theincumbent.
Incumbentcomes from the Latin wordincumbens, which means lying in or leaning on, but came to mean holding a position. It was first used in English for someone holding a church office, and then someone holding any office. You'll most likely hear it today for political officials. In a race for mayor, the incumbent mayor faces a challenger.Incumbentalso means obligation. It is incumbent upon you to do the dishes.
7、perennial
Perennialtypically describes things that are permanent, constant, or repeated. If you fight with your parents every year over whether they really must invite your annoying cousins for Thanksgiving, you could call that aperennialconflict.
Arguing with your roommate about who cleaned the bathroom last time might be a perennial argument. There is also aperennialplant, which lasts more than two years and usually reappears each spring, because it produces flowers and seeds from the same root structure.Perennialcomes from the Latinperennis, from the prefixper-, "through," plusannus, or "year."Annusis also the source of our English wordannual— anannualplant lives only one year or season.
Bucks coach Jason Kidd, aperennialAll-Star as a player, is confident the league will find the right fix.
The green revolution, Lund felt, was a continuation of the flawed colonial project that famously introducedperennialirrigation to the Punjab.
10、glut
Aglutis too much of something. Aglutof gas in the marketplace can lower its price. Aglutof heavy metal T-shirts in your dresser, however, has nothing to do with the economy but might be a signal that it's time to clean your room.
Glutcomes from the Old Frenchgloter, meaning "to swallow too much." The glottis is the part of your body where your vocal folds reside and where you swallow. If you go to the movies alone and get the family tub of popcorn, you are glutting yourself on the salty snack, but do try not to get any popcorn stuck in your glottis.Glutis used more commonly in reference to the economics of the marketplace, where an oversupply of one thing lowers prices.
The switch may foreshadow the end of a global oilglutthat built up during a two-year price war.
Wieters’s addition also creates aglutat catcher and an uncomfortable situation in the clubhouse.
11、starkly
Starkmeans "complete or extreme," like thestarkcontrast between your music taste — punk and weird metal — and your mom's, with all her 1950's doo-wop favorites.
In describing a place,starkmeans "providing no shelter or sustenance." A barren desert or a room with no furniture or curtains is stark. It can also mean "severe, stern, or austere," like the stark beauty of the rocky cliffs in the west of Ireland.Starkcan also be used to mean "totally." If you are called stark, raving mad, there's no question about it: you are acting completely crazy.
With limited land and inventory facing population growth, supply and demand was never sostark.
Part of that radical sensibility is, of course, thestarkbrutality of the tale.
He said this occurred at a time U2, then arguably the world's most popular rock band, was seeking a "starkdeparture" from its trademark sound.
12、havoc
Havocis a noun that means devastation or total mayhem.Havocoften wreaked by hurricanes, angry mobs, plundering Vikings, and wild parties that get out of control.
If we tracehavocway back, we arrive at a crossroads. Some people believe that the word comes from the Old Frenchhavot, meaning “plundering, devastation,” while others argue that it was passed down to us from the Latinhabere, meaning “to have, possess.” Either way you look at it, the meaning remains the same: widespread disorder or destruction.
Opponents say that would wreakhavoc, overcrowding some schools and leaving others half-empty.
The Mariners are pushing the pedal in Cactus League games to get a sneak preview of thehavocthey hope to wreak on the basepaths.
In fact, one of the hurdles hackers face when attempting to wreakhavocwith our elections is the decentralized nature of our elections.
But while expansive lawns may impress the neighbors, razing wild areas to plant non-native, low-growing turfgrass is wreakinghavocon the earth.
13、loss-making亏损
14、deployment
Deploymentis a word, often used by the military, for sending troops into duty. A soldier could be part of adeploymentto the Middle East.
Deploymentrefers to assigning people to serve in various locations, especially soldiers and other military personnel. A deployment may include soldiers, as well as equipment and generals. Deployments might be part of a war or a peaceful mission. Also, non-military organizations use this word too: they might speak of a deployment of workers to a new office. When you see the worddeployment, you know people are being sent somewhere for a specific mission.
Scott Brazelton, a Navy pilot, wanted some quality time with his son, because he’s often away from home on lengthydeployments.
South Korea’s Kospi fell 1.1 percent on worries thatdeploymentof a U.S. missile defense system will hurt ties with China, its largest trading partner.
South Korea’s Kospi fell 1.3 percent on worries thatdeploymentof a U.S. missile defense system will hurt ties with China, its largest trading partner.
The report said the underlying technology was ready fordeployment, but it was unclear when Amazon would do so.
15、merit order
Meritis another way of saying "deserve." The NationalMeritScholarship program is based onmerit––students whose SAT scores are high enough deserve to be in the program. If kids seems to be getting in who hadn't even taken the SATs––that wouldmeritan investigation.
You will often hear the phrasesmerit-based promotion andmerit-based pay, which come up when employees are pushing against a system in which time on the job––and not job performance––determines when workers are promoted and how much they are paid. Using the wordmeritsuggests impartiality and objectivity––such as when you swear off a prejudiced approach to something and vow to "judge it on itsmerits."
any admirable quality or attribute
“work of greatmerit”
Mr Obama, he says, is the one whose deedsmeritinvestigation.
Contenders to the award are not required to tackle a "revolutionary" theme - the winning production is picked for its artisticmerit.
Medical review panels would scrutinize themeritsof lawsuits against health care providers or institutions before cases proceed to court.
16、intermittent
Reach for the adjectiveintermittentto describe periodic movement and stopping and starting over a period of time.
The adjectiveintermittentmodifies things that work or stop and start at periodic intervals. An interesting use of somethingintermittentis ametronome, a device that marks off time in music by making a sound in a regular pattern. It provides structure for musicians, especially when there are several instruments all playing different melodies at the same time. Otherintermittentthings are the windshield wipers on your car and thank goodness for them when it rains!
“intermittentrain showers”
He’s coped with theintermittentalarm sound for almost a year.
The early Church suffered persecution under the Roman Empire, and there wereintermittentpersecutions after Egypt became a Muslim country.
He echoed a common sentiment that the area seesintermittentpolice activity.
17、doldrums
Doldrumsaren’t drums that you can play like the tom-toms. Rather people use this noun to describe a period of time that is boring, depressing, or characterized by inactivity.
The noundoldrumsis derived from the worddull. If you’ve been vegging out in front of the TV for hours, bored out of your mind, you might say you’re "in thedoldrums." This word is often used in phrases describing a slump in the economy or as in “the summerdoldrums” to describe the hot, lazy days of summer.
It needed an engine for its new model - code-named Erika - which was designed to rescue the company from thedoldrums, especially in Europe and America.
Mr Muskos's lively idea is only the latest example of officials pushing procreation, as countries around the world find their birth rates in thedoldrums.
The major studios were in thedoldrums, haemorrhaging money on bloated star vehicles such as Paint Your Wagon that were relics from a different era.
18、constraint
Aconstraintis a limit or restriction. Hopefully your school won't cut the sports or music programs due to budgetconstraints!
You might notice thatconstraintis similar to the verbconstrict, as in boa constrictor. A constraint tightens around you like a snake and prevents you from doing what you want. Financial constraints prevent you from buying the latest electronic device. Are you tired of living under the constraint of your parents' rules? Sometimes your worries or feelings act as a constraint. You know that someone has become a close friend when you can talk to them without constraint.
Even with a ton of millennials boosting theoretical demand for housing, there is no significant indication that affordabilityconstraintswill ease.
It’s about getting mental distance from the problem, relaxingconstraint— it’s not about you anymore, it’s not about the present.
They are contributing — perhaps irreversibly — to the decay of traditional moral and ethicalconstraintsin American politics.
However, Ireland faces important supplyconstraints, in particular in the area of housing and might not be able to realise its full FDI potential.
19、diesel
Adieselis a type of engine that produces enough heat to burn fuel and power a vehicle. Mostdieselsrun on very thick, heavy oil.
Large trucks use diesels — also known as diesel
engines — and so do some cars, trains, and ships. The earliest diesel
was developed in the late 19th century, and its invention is credited to
the German engineer Rudolph Diesel, although other inventors laid the
groundwork with their development of a very similar type of engine.
A previous government encouraged drivers to buydieselvehicles because they produced fewer emissions of greenhouse gases.
As a result, many state legislatures are at least discussing increasing gasoline anddieseltaxes to raise revenue for highway projects.
Nissan said last year it plans to equip some Infiniti cars with a gasoline engine with the efficiency of adieselengine.
Congress would be unlikely to approve a proposal to cut all staff in adieselemissions program, for example.
20、sensible
Sensiblemeans practical and reasonable. If you're wearingsensibleshoes, they're sturdy, comfortable, good for walking, and your feet don't hurt. If you're asensibleperson, you're level-headed and calm, and you make wise decisions.
Sensiblemay not sound exciting — who wants to be like a pair of galoshes, when you can be stilettos? But sensible is the voice of reason, and when you're tooling along in your convertible, you'll be grateful for the sensible 15-mile-per-hour speed limit posted at that sharp turn where the road drops off into the canyon.Sensiblecomes from the Latinsensibilis,meaning "perceptible by the senses," a meaning that eventually evolved into "having good sense, reasonable."
But thesensiblemove, no matter how pricey for a quarterback who may never be hailed as elite, remains to invest in quality continuity.
For example, does the budget adoptsensiblereforms to military health care to improve quality while reining in costs?
Nosensibleperson would put a toe in most of the waterways.
“A handful of almonds is asensiblesnack to throw in someone’s face and demand where the real snacks are” was received with enthusiasm.
21、foster
Tofosteris to nurture something for a little while. Shefosterscreativity by providing crayons to every student. You can alsofostera child, which means she lives in your home for a time.
You may have seen photos of a cat taking care of a baby rabbit, or a pig nursing a litter of puppies: those are littlefosterfamilies.Fostercan be a verb (tofostersomeone or something) or an adjective used to describe afosterfamily, child, or parent. The word is from the Old Englishfostrianmeaning "to supply with food, nourish, support," which sounds like what those mama hogs were doing. Unlikeadopt,fosterhas a time limit.
“fosterparent”
“fosterchild”
“fosterhome”
It’s meant tofosterbehaviors that will help kids in science, technology, engineering and math, such as perseverance, creativity and problem solving.
That often isn’t possible, she said, andfosterhomes are sought.
The notion of iPhones tucked in the parkas of icicle-bearded mushers challenges the race’s carefullyfosteredimage of bootstrap self-reliance.
It would provide six weeks of paid leave to federal employees after the birth, adoption orfosteringof a child.
22、vicious circle恶性循环
23、penetration渗透
24、deter
25、portfolio
26、mandate
27、cannibalise
28、incentive
29、incipient
30、grumble
31、net metering
32、precipitously
33、precipitation
34、upheaval
35、optimization
36、crowdsourcing
37、obscure
