vagrant

vagrant可以用于本地快速搭建开发环境, 类似于docker. 可以基于virtualbox来运行各种镜像(box), 类似于docker image.

1. 初始化
   vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64
   当然你也可以vagrant boxes搜索符合你需要的镜像.
2. 运行系统
   vagrant up
3. 查询ssh登陆信息
   vagrant ssh-config
4. ssh进入系统
   vagrant ssh
5. 删除
   vagrant destroy

note: 默认用户是vagrant, 密码是vagrant

配置

在使用vagrant init初始化项目后, 会在当前目录项生成Vagrantfile文件, 该文件记录该环境的运行环境, 包括操作系统, 网络, 内存, vagrant up后运行的脚本等等.
文件内容如下:

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
  # such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
  # config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
  #   push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
  # end

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

下面对Vagrantfile中重要设置进行解释.
因为vagrant是ruby开发的, 所以Vagrantfile其实就是ruby代码.

1. config.vm.box = "ubuntu/trusty64"指定运行的系统镜像.
2. config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080指定使用本机的8080端口(即127.0.0.1:8080)转发到虚拟机中的80端口, 可以重复上述指定以添加多个端口映射. network可以指定如下参数:
   - forwarded_port: 端口转发
   - private_network: host_only网络模式
   - public_network: bridge网络模式
3. config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"将本地当前目录同级的data目录挂载到虚拟机中的/vagrant_data目录.
4. config.vm.provision "shell": vagrant up中的最后一步会执行该shell脚本, 可以是inline或者指定脚本的path