iOS面试总结

OC语言之Category源码实现

2019-06-14  本文已影响0人  Jimmy_L_Wang

Category源码实现

objc4-750.1版本中Category的定义如下:

struct category_t {
    const char *name; //分类名
    classref_t cls;   //类
    struct method_list_t *instanceMethods; //实例方法列表
    struct method_list_t *classMethods;    //类方法列表
    struct protocol_list_t *protocols;      //遵守的协议列表
    struct property_list_t *instanceProperties; //实例属性列表
    // Fields below this point are not always present on disk.
    struct property_list_t *_classProperties; //类属性列表

    method_list_t *methodsForMeta(bool isMeta) {
        if (isMeta) return classMethods;
        else return instanceMethods;
    }

    property_list_t *propertiesForMeta(bool isMeta, struct header_info *hi);
};

Category的加载流程

在文件obj-os.mm文件中初始化

void _objc_init(void)
{
    static bool initialized = false;
    if (initialized) return;
    initialized = true;
    
    // fixme defer initialization until an objc-using image is found?
    environ_init();
    tls_init();
    static_init();
    lock_init();
    exception_init();

    _dyld_objc_notify_register(&map_images, load_images, unmap_image);
}

category被附加到类上面是在map_images的时候发生的,在new-ABI的标准下,_objc_init里面的调用的map_images会调用objc-os.mm文件中的map_images_nolock ,然后调用objc-runtime-new.mm里面的_read_images方法,而在_read_images方法的结尾,有以下的代码片段:

...
  
// Discover categories. 
    for (EACH_HEADER) {
        category_t **catlist = 
            _getObjc2CategoryList(hi, &count);
        bool hasClassProperties = hi->info()->hasCategoryClassProperties();

        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            category_t *cat = catlist[i];
            Class cls = remapClass(cat->cls);

            if (!cls) {
                // Category's target class is missing (probably weak-linked).
                // Disavow any knowledge of this category.
                catlist[i] = nil;
                if (PrintConnecting) {
                    _objc_inform("CLASS: IGNORING category \?\?\?(%s) %p with "
                                 "missing weak-linked target class", 
                                 cat->name, cat);
                }
                continue;
            }

            // Process this category. 
            // First, register the category with its target class. 
            // Then, rebuild the class's method lists (etc) if 
            // the class is realized. 
            bool classExists = NO;
            if (cat->instanceMethods ||  cat->protocols  
                ||  cat->instanceProperties) 
            {
                addUnattachedCategoryForClass(cat, cls, hi);
                if (cls->isRealized()) {
                    remethodizeClass(cls);
                    classExists = YES;
                }
                if (PrintConnecting) {
                    _objc_inform("CLASS: found category -%s(%s) %s", 
                                 cls->nameForLogging(), cat->name, 
                                 classExists ? "on existing class" : "");
                }
            }

            if (cat->classMethods  ||  cat->protocols  
                ||  (hasClassProperties && cat->_classProperties)) 
            {
                addUnattachedCategoryForClass(cat, cls->ISA(), hi);
                if (cls->ISA()->isRealized()) {
                    remethodizeClass(cls->ISA());
                }
                if (PrintConnecting) {
                    _objc_inform("CLASS: found category +%s(%s)", 
                                 cls->nameForLogging(), cat->name);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ts.log("IMAGE TIMES: discover categories");

    // Category discovery MUST BE LAST to avoid potential races 
    // when other threads call the new category code before 
    // this thread finishes its fixups.

这里做的就是:

  1. 把category的实例方法、协议以及属性添加到类上

  2. 把category的类方法和协议添加到类的metaclass

最终调用remethodizeClass进行category的内容和逻辑加载:

static void remethodizeClass(Class cls)
{
    category_list *cats;
    bool isMeta;

    runtimeLock.assertLocked();
  /*
  我们只分析分类当中实例方法添加的逻辑,
  因此在这里我们假设`isMeta = NO`
  */
    isMeta = cls->isMetaClass(); //判断当前类是否为元类对象

    // Re-methodizing: check for more categories
  //获取cls中未完成整合的所有分类 cats意为分类的列表
    if ((cats = unattachedCategoriesForClass(cls, false/*not realizing*/))) {
        if (PrintConnecting) {
            _objc_inform("CLASS: attaching categories to class '%s' %s", 
                         cls->nameForLogging(), isMeta ? "(meta)" : "");
        }
        //将分类cats拼接到cls上
        attachCategories(cls, cats, true /*flush caches*/);        
        free(cats);
    }
}

然后调用函数attachCategories添加方法

static void 
attachCategories(Class cls, category_list *cats, bool flush_caches)
{
    if (!cats) return;
    if (PrintReplacedMethods) printReplacements(cls, cats);

  /*
  我们只分析分类当中实例方法添加的逻辑,
  因此在这里我们假设`isMeta = NO`
  */
    bool isMeta = cls->isMetaClass();

    // fixme rearrange to remove these intermediate allocations
  //声明三个二维数组,方法列表,属性列表,协议列表
    method_list_t **mlists = (method_list_t **)
        malloc(cats->count * sizeof(*mlists));
    property_list_t **proplists = (property_list_t **)
        malloc(cats->count * sizeof(*proplists));
    protocol_list_t **protolists = (protocol_list_t **)
        malloc(cats->count * sizeof(*protolists));

    // Count backwards through cats to get newest categories first
    int mcount = 0;   //方法的参数
    int propcount = 0; //属性参数
    int protocount = 0; //协议参数
    int i = cats->count; //宿主类分类的总数
    bool fromBundle = NO;
    while (i--) { //这里是倒叙遍历,最先访问最后编译的分类
      //获取一个分类
        auto& entry = cats->list[i];

      //获取该分类的方法列表
        method_list_t *mlist = entry.cat->methodsForMeta(isMeta);
        if (mlist) {
          //最后编译的分类最先添加到分类数组中
            mlists[mcount++] = mlist;
            fromBundle |= entry.hi->isBundle();
        }

      //属性列表添加规则,通方法列表添加规则
        property_list_t *proplist = 
            entry.cat->propertiesForMeta(isMeta, entry.hi);
        if (proplist) {
            proplists[propcount++] = proplist;
        }

      //协议列表添加规则 同方法列表添加规则
        protocol_list_t *protolist = entry.cat->protocols;
        if (protolist) {
            protolists[protocount++] = protolist;
        }
    }

  //获取宿主类当中的rw数据,其中包含宿主类的方法列表信息
    auto rw = cls->data();

  //主要针对 分类中有关于内存管理相关方法情况下的一些特殊处理
    prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists, mcount, NO, fromBundle);
  /*
  rw代表宿主类
  methods代表类的方法列表
  attachLists方法的含义是将含有mcount个元素的mlists拼接到rw的methods上
  */
    rw->methods.attachLists(mlists, mcount);
    free(mlists);
    if (flush_caches  &&  mcount > 0) flushCaches(cls);

    rw->properties.attachLists(proplists, propcount);
    free(proplists);

    rw->protocols.attachLists(protolists, protocount);
    free(protolists);
}

如果两个分类中都有一个同名的方法,那个方法最终会生效?

答:最后编译的分类会生效。

/*
addedLists: 传递过来的二维数组(假设传过来的数组为3个数组列表,据此分析)
[[method_t, method_t, ...], [method_t], [method_t, method_t, method_t, ...]]
--------------------------  ----------  ------------------------------------
      分类A中的方法列表(A)        B                        C

addedCount = 3;
*/
void attachLists(List* const * addedLists, uint32_t addedCount) {
        if (addedCount == 0) return

        if (hasArray()) {
            // many lists -> many lists
          //列表中原有元素总数 假设oldCount = 2
            uint32_t oldCount = array()->count;
          //拼接之后的元素总数
            uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
          //根据新总数重新分配内存
            setArray((array_t *)realloc(array(), array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
          //重新设置元素总数
            array()->count = newCount;
          /*
          内存移动
          [[], [], [], [原有的第一个元素], [原有的第二个元素]]
          */
            memmove(array()->lists + addedCount, array()->lists, 
                    oldCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
          /*
          内存拷贝
          [
              A      ----->     [addedLists中的第一个元素]
              B      ----->     [addedLists中的第二个元素]
              C      ----->     [addedLists中的第三个元素]
              [原有的第一个元素]
              [原有的第二个元素]
          ]
          这也是分类方法会“覆盖“宿主类的方法的原因
          */
            memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists, 
                   addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
        }
        else if (!list  &&  addedCount == 1) {
            // 0 lists -> 1 list
            list = addedLists[0];
        } 
        else {
            // 1 list -> many lists
            List* oldList = list;
            uint32_t oldCount = oldList ? 1 : 0;
            uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount;
            setArray((array_t *)malloc(array_t::byteSize(newCount)));
            array()->count = newCount;
            if (oldList) array()->lists[addedCount] = oldList;
            memcpy(array()->lists, addedLists, 
                   addedCount * sizeof(array()->lists[0]));
        }
    }

为什么会造成宿主类中的方法出现被"覆盖“的假象?

宿主类的方法仍然存在,由于在消息发送,或消息函数方法查找的过程中,是根据选择器名称进行查找的,一旦查找到对应的实现就会立即返回,由于分类方法位于数组顶上,如果说分类方法当中有和宿主类同名的方法的情况下,分类方法会优先实现。

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