下面以 MSN news 为例，实现启动APP后跳转到首页的功能，包含使用list进行元素定位、try except else 进行是否首次启动APP判断，logging 进行日志记录等功能。

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693924 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

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一、场景：

1.启动APP后连续跳过welcom、interest 、what’s new页面到首页

2.判断是否是首次启动，如果首次启动通过出现welcom页面，如果不是首次启动则直接进入interest页面

3.使用logging模块记录日志

Gif图片文件：

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693931 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

二、实践

2.1、启动APP后连续跳过welcom、interest 、what’s new页面到首页

welcom页面

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693935 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

1.首先启动Appium进行session回话

2.APP启动到welcom页面，点击not now按钮，跳转到下一个页面

分析：这里我使用list元素进行定位，通过观察可以知道class name 和sign in name名称相同，如果直接使用classname那么就会定会到当前页面首个class name元素，导致定位失败。

list定位获取一组class名称，通过数组下标进行区分

a=driver.find_element_by_id()

a[1].click()

3.代码：

skipwel=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipwel[1].click()

2.2、判断是否是首次启动，如果首次启动通过出现welcom页面，如果不是首次启动则直接进入interest页面

首次启动app时，会弹出welcome页面，但是第二次启动时该页面就会消失，出现interest页面那么对于这种判断我们该如何处理呢

这里我们使用try except 语句进行判断

try except 语法：

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693939 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

工作原理：

如果try语句发生异常，则执行except 匹配名称后语句

如果try语句未发生异常，执行else后面语句

如果try语句发生异常，except语句后内容没有匹配成功，异常将被递交到上层的try

处理思路：

定位interest页面，如果定位失败，证明出现的是welcome，执行welcome语句；否则执行interest页面语句

代码：

def welcome():

logging.info('skip welcome')

skipwel=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipwel[1].click()

try:

driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

except NoSuchElementException:

welcome()

else:

skipinterest=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipinterest[0].click()

interets 页面

原理同welcom 页面

skipinterest=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipinterest[0].click()

what‘s new page

原理同welcom 页面

skipwhatnew=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipwhatnew[1].click()

2.3、使用logging 模块记录日志

日志是用来帮我们定位问题，通过日志可以更准准确的确定问题所在，我们可以设定日志级别、日志的输出格式等

场景：

在启动APP时，输出start app 日志

导航页跳转到首页过程，输出执行的页面为interest 页面还是welcome 页面

2.3.1、单个py文件日志

在单个py文件里日志输出形式如下：

1.日志流程

首先，导入日志模块

然后，basicconfig 方法创建记录器，为记录做基本配置。

日志级别：level

日志输出路径：Filename

日志输出格式：Format

最后，在需要添加日志的地方输出日志即可，logging.info（’start app‘）

代码实现

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO，filename='456.log'，format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d]%(levelname)s%(message)s')

判断是否首次启动App，跳过导航页到首页

def welcome():

logging.info('skip welcome')

skipwel=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipwel[1].click()

try:

driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

except NoSuchElementException:

logging.info('run welcome')

welcome()

else:

logging.info('run interest')

skipinterest=driver.find_elements_by_class_name('android.widget.Button')

skipinterest[0].click()

3.运行

在代码中456.log中查看日志输出信息

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693947 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

2.3.2 日志模块

上面讲述的是单个功能日志的流程，整个APP测试下来有很多功能都需要用到日志，如果每个功能都重复编写，会造成代码冗余

所以，下面我们把日志的配置参数抽离出来，需要时直接调用即可

1.首先建立log.conf文件，存储配置参数等信息

log.conf文件代码：

[loggers]

keys=root，infoLogger

[logger_root]

level=DEBUG

handlers=consoleHander，fileHandler

[logger_infoLogger]

handlers=consoleHander，fileHandler

qualname=infoLogger

propagat=0

[handlers]

keys=consoleHander，fileHandler

[handler_consoleHander]

class=StreamHandler

level=INFO

formatter=form02

args=(sys.stdout，)

[handler_fileHandler]

class=FileHandler

level=INFO

formatter=form01

args=('456.log'，'a')

[formatters]

keys=form01，form02

2.在需要引用ｌｏｇ的py文件中引用log.conf文件

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693954 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

将上文中如下代码删除

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO，filename='456.log'，

format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d]%(levelname)s%(message)s')

更换为：

CON_LOG='log.conf'

logging.config.fileConfig(CON_LOG)

logging=logging.getLogger()

三、报错提示

总结运行过程中报错提示及解决方法

1．Eclipse运行 启动app 代码，提示launching new configuration

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693958 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

Eclipse

解决方法：

Project -> Properties -> Run/Debug Settings:

1. select "Launching New_configuration5"

2. Delete

2．ImportError: cannot import name 'webdriver'

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693962 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

解决方法：

from selenium import webdriver

3．TypeError: 'WebElement' object does not support indexing

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693965 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

解决：把find_element 改为find_elements?

4．IndexError: list index out of range

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693968 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

解决：

有可能是数组越界，里面数值从0开始标记

再有可能list是一个空的，没有一个元素

进行list[0]就会出现该错误

5．module 'logging' has no attribute 'basicConfig'

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693976 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

解决：

自己就命名了一个logging.py的文件，在代码中import的是自己新建的这个，找不到basicConfig，文件名改成logging_test.py后，正常运行。

6．int' object is not callable

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1563949693981 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

解决：发现代码中写的是logging.DEBUG，应该为logging.debug()