webpack4搭建vue项目（2）

2020-03-26 本文已影响0人杀个程序猿祭天

### 1.新建文件夹

<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-width: 1px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 10px 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">mkdir wepack-vue //文件名字可以随便复制代码</pre>

### 2.新建package.json文件

### 3.webpack配置

新建build文件夹

build文件夹新建webpack.base.conf.js，webpack.dev.conf.js，webpack.prod.conf.js

* webpack.base.conf.js 存放公共配置

* webpack.prod.conf.js 存放生产环境配置

* webpack.dev.conf.js 存放开发环境配置

创建src文件夹并创建main.js

创建index.html

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>webpack搭建vue项目</title> </head> <body> <div id="app"></div> </body> </html>复制代码</pre>

下载webpack webpack-dev-server webpack-cli

<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-width: 1px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 10px 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">npm i webpack webpack-dev-server webpack-cli -D复制代码</pre>

打开webpack.base.config.js，并配置webpack整体属性

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">var path = require('path'); var webpack = require('webpack'); module.exports = { entry: { main: path.resolve(__dirname, '../src/main.js') }, output: { path: path.resolve(__dirname, '../src'), filname: '[name].[bash].js', }, module: { rules: [] }, pligins: [ new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin(), // 解决vender后面的hash每次都改变 ], resolve: { } }复制代码</pre>

### 4.配置loader

* 下载babel-loader，babel-core，babel-preset-dev，rules并配置js

babel-preset-env 帮助我们配置 babel。我们只需要告诉它我们要兼容的情况（目标运行环境），它就会自动把代码转换为兼容对应环境的代码。

babel-core是作为babel的核心存在，babel的核心api都在这个模块里面

tips: babel是7.X的话babel-core必须是6.X，否则不兼容

* 新建.babelrc文件，.babelrc是babel全局配置文件

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">{ "preset": [ ['env',{ "targets": {// 指定转译到那个环境 //浏览器环境 "browsers": ["> 1%", "last 2 versions", "not ie <= 8"], }, //是否将ES6的模块化语法转译成其他类型 "modules": false }] ] }复制代码</pre>

* 下载file-loader，rules并配置文件（图片和字体）

* 下载css-loader，vue-style-loader，sass-loader， node-sass，并配置css，scss，sass

* 下载less，less-loader，并配置less

### 5.生成 [html](http://www.codercto.com/category/html.html) 文件

* 下载html-webpack-plugin，并配置

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// 引入html-webpack-plugin var HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'); plugins: [ new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ template: path.resolve(__diename, '../index.html') }), ]复制代码</pre>

### 6.配置解析模块

base模块配置了一些东西但没有配置完，会在后边一点一点加上，接下来配置dev和prod

### 7.配置webpack.dev.conf

* 下载 webpack-merge

* webpack.dev.js

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">var merge = require('webpack-merge'); var baseConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf'); var path = require('path'); var webpack = reuire('webpack'); module.exports = merge(baseConfig, { devtool: 'inline-source-map', // 压缩方式 mode: 'development' devServer: { hot: true, // 热更新 open: true, // 自动打开页面 contentBase: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'), // 告诉服务从哪提供内容 }, plugins: [ new.webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(), //开启热更新 ] })复制代码</pre>

### 8.配置webpack.prod.conf

* webpack.prod.conf.js

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">var merge = require('webpack-merge'); var baseConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf'); var path = require('path'); var webpack = reuire('webpack'); module.exports = merge(baseConfig, { devtool: 'source-map', // 压缩方式 mode: 'production' plugins: [ ] })复制代码</pre>

### 9.配置vue-loader

* 下载vue-loader，vue，vue-template-compiler, 并配置vue解析文件，配置webpack.base.cond.js

复制代码</pre>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">var VueLoaderPlugin = require('vue-loader/lib/plugin'); // 省略代码...... rules:[ { test: /\.vue$/, use: ['vue-loader'], exclude: /node_modules/ }, ] // 省略代码.......复制代码</pre>

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// 省略代码.... plugins: [ new VueLoaderPlugin(), // 它的职责是将你定义过的其它规则复制并应用到 .vue 文件里相应语言的块 ] // 省略代码...复制代码</pre>

* 配置vue别名，确保webpack可以找到.vue文件

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// 省略代码... reslove: { alias: [ 'vue/pre>: 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js', //配置别名确保webpack可以找到.vue文件 '@': path.resolve(__dirname, '../src') ] }复制代码</pre>

* 新建App.vue文件

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><template> <div>{{str}}</div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'App', data () { return { str: 'hello' } }} </script> <style> div { color: red; } </style> 复制代码</pre>

* 在main.js中引入vue

### 10.配置命令

* 找到package.json文件，并配置开发和打包命令

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// 省略代码。。。 "scripts": { "dev": "webpack-dev-server --progress --config build/webpack.dev.conf.js", "build": "webpack --config build/webpack.prod.conf.js" }复制代码</pre>

* 运行项目

可以看到项目已经跑起来了

![webpack4构建vue项目（二）](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i11080750/a342b43b62a48c2e?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

### 11\. 区分环境引入不同地址

* 新建config文件夹并新建dev.ev.js和prod.env.js

dev.env.js 开发环境配置

prod.env.js 生产环境配置

### 12.优化webpack配置

* 解决更改文件打包时dist文件没有清除，再次打包。

下载clean-webpack-plugin，并配置webpack.prod.conf.js文件

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// 引入clean-webpack-plugin var CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin'); // 省略代码。。。。 plugins: [ new CleanWebPackPlugin(); ]复制代码</pre>

* 根据不同环境提取css

下载mini-css-extract-plugin，并配置webpack.prod.conf.js文件

更改webpack.prod.conf.js中使用vue-style-loader的代码，更改为

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">module: { rules: [ { test: /\.(c|sc|sa)ss$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, }, 'css-loader', 'sass-loader' ] }, { test: /\.less$/, use: [ { loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader, }, 'css-loader', 'less-loader' ] } ] }, 复制代码</pre>

在webpack.prod.conf.js的plugin中配置

webpack.base.conf.js中删除使用vue-style-loader的代码，并在webpack.dev.conf.js中定义

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">module: { rules: [ { test: /\.(c|sc|sa)ss$/, use: [ { loader: 'vue-style-loader', }, 'css-loader', 'sass-loader' ] }, { test: /\.less$/, use: [ { loader: 'vue-style-loader', }, 'css-loader', 'less-loader' ] } ] },复制代码</pre>

这个配置vue-loader中有提到 [vue-loader.vuejs.org/zh/guide/ex…](https://link.juejin.im/?target=https%3A%2F%2Fvue-loader.vuejs.org%2Fzh%2Fguide%2Fextract-css.html%23webpack-4)

* 第三方库单独打包

把依赖的第三方库抽取出来单独打包，加快打包进度

下载autodll-webpack-plugin

在webpack.base.conf.js中配置

<pre class="prettyprint prettyprinted" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border: none; padding: 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">var AutodllWebpackpackPlugin = require('autodll-webpack-plugin'); plugins: [ new AutodllWebpackpackPlugin ({ inject: true, debugger: true, filename: '[name].js', path: './dll', entry: { vendor: ['vue'] } }) ]复制代码</pre>

`tips: inject` 为 true，插件会自动把打包出来的第三方库文件插入到 HTML。 `filename` 是打包后文件的名称。 `path` 是打包后的路径。 `entry` 是入口， `vendor` 是你指定的名称，数组内容就是要打包的第三方库的名称，不要写全路径，Webpack 会自动去 `node_modules` 中找到的。

* 提取公共代码

在 webpack.base.conf.js的 plugins 属性中添加如下插件对象

<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-width: 1px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 10px 15px; border-radius: 0px;">new webpack.optimize.SplitChunksPlugin()复制代码</pre>

* 打包时压缩js和css

下载optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin和uglifyjs-webpack-plugin

在webpack.prod.conf.js中分别引入optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin和uglifyjs-webpack-plugin并增加optimization

optimization: { minimizer: [ // 压缩JS new UglifyJsPlugin({ uglifyOptions: { compress: { warnings: false, // 去除警告 drop_debugger: true, // 去除debugger drop_console: true // 去除console.log }, }, cache: true, // 开启缓存 parallel: true, // 平行压缩 sourceMap: false // set to true if you want JS source maps }), // 压缩css new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({}) ] },复制代码</pre>

* css自动加前缀

下载postcss-loader 和autoprefixer

<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; outline-style: none; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 12px; margin: 0px -15px 15px; overflow: auto; display: block; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-width: 1px 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); padding: 10px 15px; border-radius: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.45px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">npm i postcss-loader autoprefixer -D复制代码</pre>

分别在webpack.dev.conf.js和webpack.prod.conf.js的use中添加 postcss-loader

'postcss-loader'

]复制代码</pre>

在项目下增加postcss.config.js

以上配置的项目就可以跑起来了，谢谢大家，如有错误，敬请指出，一起在 [码农](http://www.codercto.com/) 的道路上越走越远

webpack4搭建vue项目（2）

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