Chapter 10.SQL99 语法

2018-10-04  本文已影响19人  GeekGray

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Chapter 10.sql99语法

/*

语法:

select 查询列表
from 表1 别名 【连接类型】
join 表2 别名 
on 连接条件
【where 筛选条件】
【group by 分组】
【having 筛选条件】
【order by 排序列表】

分类:

*/

1.内连接

/*

语法:

select 查询列表
from 表1 别名
inner join 表2 别名
on 连接条件;

分类:

特点:

*/

1、等值连接

案例1.查询员工名、部门名

SELECT last_name,department_name
FROM departments d
 JOIN  employees e
ON e.`department_id` = d.`department_id`;

案例2.查询名字中包含e的员工名和工种名(添加筛选)

SELECT last_name,job_title
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN jobs j
ON e.`job_id`=  j.`job_id`
WHERE e.`last_name` LIKE '%e%';

3. 查询部门个数>3的城市名和部门个数,(添加分组+筛选)

①查询每个城市的部门个数

②在①结果上筛选满足条件的

SELECT city,COUNT(*) 部门个数
FROM departments d
INNER JOIN locations l
ON d.`location_id`=l.`location_id`
GROUP BY city
HAVING COUNT(*)>3;

案例4.查询哪个部门的员工个数>3的部门名和员工个数,并按个数降序(添加排序)

①查询每个部门的员工个数

SELECT COUNT(*),department_name
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
GROUP BY department_name

② 在①结果上筛选员工个数>3的记录,并排序

SELECT COUNT(*) 个数,department_name
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d
ON e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
GROUP BY department_name
HAVING COUNT(*)>3
ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC;

5.查询员工名、部门名、工种名,并按部门名降序(添加三表连接)

SELECT last_name,department_name,job_title
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d ON e.`department_id`=d.`department_id`
INNER JOIN jobs j ON e.`job_id` = j.`job_id`

ORDER BY department_name DESC;

2.非等值连接

查询员工的工资级别

SELECT salary,grade_level
FROM employees e
 JOIN job_grades g
 ON e.`salary` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`;

查询工资级别的个数>20的个数,并且按工资级别降序

 SELECT COUNT(*),grade_level
FROM employees e
 JOIN job_grades g
 ON e.`salary` BETWEEN g.`lowest_sal` AND g.`highest_sal`
 GROUP BY grade_level
 HAVING COUNT(*)>20
 ORDER BY grade_level DESC;

3.自连接

查询员工的名字、上级的名字

 SELECT e.last_name,m.last_name
 FROM employees e
 JOIN employees m
 ON e.`manager_id`= m.`employee_id`;

查询姓名中包含字符k的员工的名字、上级的名字

 SELECT e.last_name,m.last_name
 FROM employees e
 JOIN employees m
 ON e.`manager_id`= m.`employee_id`
 WHERE e.`last_name` LIKE '%k%';

二、外连接

/*

应用场景:用于查询一个表中有,另一个表没有的记录

特点:

1、外连接的查询结果为主表中的所有记录

2、左外连接,left join左边的是主表

3、左外和右外交换两个表的顺序,可以实现同样的效果

4、全外连接=内连接的结果+表1中有但表2没有的+表2中有但表1没有的

*/

引入:查询男朋友 不在男神表的的女神名

 SELECT * FROM beauty;
 SELECT * FROM boys;

左外连接

 SELECT b.*,bo.*
 FROM boys bo
 LEFT OUTER JOIN beauty b
 ON b.`boyfriend_id` = bo.`id`
 WHERE b.`id` IS NULL;

案例1:查询哪个部门没有员工

左外

 SELECT d.*,e.employee_id
 FROM departments d
 LEFT OUTER JOIN employees e
 ON d.`department_id` = e.`department_id`
 WHERE e.`employee_id` IS NULL;

右外

  SELECT d.*,e.employee_id
 FROM employees e
 RIGHT OUTER JOIN departments d
 ON d.`department_id` = e.`department_id`
 WHERE e.`employee_id` IS NULL;

全外

 USE girls;
 SELECT b.*,bo.*
 FROM beauty b
 FULL OUTER JOIN boys bo
 ON b.`boyfriend_id` = bo.id;

交叉连接

 SELECT b.*,bo.*
 FROM beauty b
 CROSS JOIN boys bo;

sql92 和 sql99

/*

功能:sql99支持的较多

可读性:sql99实现连接条件和筛选条件的分离,可读性较高

*/

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