青裙玉面初相识
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不是茶花开了,是茶开花了!
记得曾经看过一篇写桂花的文章,说桂花其实就是桂树的生殖器,它也需要传宗接代结桂子的。我以前知道梅花开得艳丽香得馥郁也是以繁衍为目的,只有开得漂亮香得浓郁才能吸引外媒来替她传粉。这本来就是天经地义的事情。没有外媒传粉,梅子黄时雨就只能是个传说。
茶树花,亦是茶树的生殖器官之一,每年农历九月后陆续开放,为两性花,多为白色,少数粉色或黄色,小有芳香,甜而不腻的香味。我看到的是白色。和茶花有点像,但是比较娇小,是茶花的具体而微者。陈与义“青裙玉面初相识,九月茶花满路开”,描述的就是茶树开花的情景。“青裙玉面初相识”是把茶树的叶子和花朵比作青裙和玉面;“九月茶花满路开”,既见景色之美也见茶树之盛。茶花在农历的九月一般是不开花的,所以在秋天看到盛开的茶树花还是让人心里欣欣然的。
到雨花台里闲逛,园里有几片雨花茶的茶园,地势有点高,一般我不会过去,但是鬼使神差地那天就走进了茶园。然后,我就和青裙玉面邂逅了。以前我不知道茶树是开花的,那天看到那白白胖胖的花儿喜出望外。原来,茶树花是如此呆萌呢!花瓣中黄灿灿的极为骚情的那一大簇就是花的雄蕊,雌蕊位于雄蕊群的中央,淡黄色,三五根的样子,略长于雄蕊。成熟的茶树花会分泌出的蜜汁,芬芳诱人。秋天至初冬时蜜蜂还在活动,所以我得以看到蜜蜂飞来飞去的身影,只是没能拍摄到。
后来才知道茶树花的寿命极短,一般为二到七天,开放后如果二天没有受精,便会自动脱落。但是花期却是很长,茶树于每年五月开始花芽分化,开花时间因茶树品种和种植地区而异,一般于每年九至十二月陆续开放,个别地区甚至全年可见茶树花开放。十月中下旬至十一月中旬为盛花期,因为茶树矮小,花朵又遮掩在层层叶片中,风和昆虫传媒的机会极少,能得到授粉的花朵一般仅有2%一5%。因此,茶树花就具有“寿命短、花期长、结实少”的特点。
茶树花与茶叶一样,也有很多对人体有益的养生功效。因为茶树花生长期较长,所以含有多种对人体有益的物质,特别是抗氧化物质含量很高,其抗氧化能力也是比较强的,可与世界公认的抗氧化植物迷迭香媲美。同时茶树花还是一种优质蛋白营养源,还具有解毒、降脂、降糖、抗衰老、抗癌、抑癌、滋补、壮体、养颜美容等功效。
近年来随着无性繁殖技术的推广应用,所以生殖花芽不必再担负繁殖后代的任务,大量的茶树花就变成了与茶树芽和叶争水争肥的累赘,为了保证来年茶叶的质量和数量,茶农往往采取人工修剪和喷施植物生长调节剂的方法抑制茶树花的繁殖生长,或者在花开时直接采摘下来晒干了作为花茶出售。
我没去过大的茶场,眼前的茶田也只是景区里锦上添的花,所以茶树的花得以盛放,我没办法想象出那些遭受了对付的茶树花该怀着多大的委屈。桂花,梅花可以用秀丽的颜馥郁的香使自己得以繁衍,如今再看到了茶的花,才知道大自然中,每个生命都在为了活下去为了绵延下去而竭尽全力!
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