【小学语法第一课 名词精讲+精练】
第一课 名 词
表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。
强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;
最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读 [s], 浊辅音和元音后读[z]。
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。
e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况
1)有生命的+es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes
2) 无生命的+s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos radio-radios
f. 不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children,
foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 。
2、不可数名词没有复数。
如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice。
判断步骤:
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→
1.1如是am、is或was→原形
1.2理解意思→看be动词
1.3如是are或were→加s或es
练一练
1、写出下列各词的复数。
I _________ him _________
this _______ her______
watch_______ mango______
child _______photo ________
diary ______ day________
foot________ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______
box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______ engineer______
peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______
leaf_______ people________
2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。
(1)Are there two ________ ( box ) on the table?
(2)I can see some ________ ( people ) in the cinema.
(3)How many ________ ( day ) are there in a week?
(4)Here’re five ________ ( bottle ) of _______ ( juice ) for you.
(5)This ________ ( violin ) is hers. Those ________ ( grape ) are over there.