Html+Css

CSS 清除浮动

2018-12-09  本文已影响16人  roy_pub

由于浮动元素不在占用原文档流的位置,所以会对后面的排版产生影响,因此需要在该元素中清除浮动。
清除浮动的本质是解决父级元素因为子级浮动引起内部高度为0的问题。

为何要清除浮动

如下,子盒子是标准流,父盒子虽然没有高度,但是会撑开父盒子的高度。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
        }

        .father .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
        }

        .father .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father">
        <div class="son1">son box</div>
        <div class="son2">son box</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

子盒子添加浮动,浮动不占用位置,因为父盒子没有高度,导致父盒子的高度为0

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
            /*height: 100px;*/
        }

        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
            float: left;
        }

        .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
            float: left;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father">
        <div class="son1">son1 box</div>
        <div class="son2">son2 box</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

因为父盒子的高度为0,会影响其它盒子

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
        }

        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
            float: left;
        }

        .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
            float: left;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 120px;
            background-color: black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father">
        <div class="son1">son1 box</div>
        <div class="son2">son2 box</div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer"></div>

</body>
</html>

如何清除浮动

额外标签法

选择器 {clear: 属性值;}

属性值 说明
left 不允许左侧有浮动元素(清除左侧的浮动影响)
right 不允许右侧有浮动元素(清除右侧浮动的影响)
both 同时清除左右两侧浮动的影响

额外标签法是W3C推荐的做法是通过在浮动元素末尾添加一个空的标签,例如<div style="clear: both"></div>或其它br亦可。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
        }

        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
            float: left;
        }

        .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
            float: left;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 120px;
            background-color: black;
        }

        .clear {
            clear: both;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father">
        <div class="son1">son1 box</div>
        <div class="son2">son2 box</div>
        <!--最有浮动标签后添加一个标签,清除浮动-->
        <div class="clear"></div>
    </div>

    <div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
父级添加overflow属性方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
            overflow: hidden;
        }

        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
            float: left;
        }

        .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
            float: left;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 120px;
            background-color: black;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father">
        <div class="son1">son1 box</div>
        <div class="son2">son2 box</div>
    </div>

    <div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
使用after伪元素清除浮动

**:after 方式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
        }

        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
            float: left;
        }

        .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
            float: left;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 120px;
            background-color: black;
        }

        /*正常浏览器清除浮动*/
        .clearfix:after {
            content: "";
            display: block;
            height: 0;
            clear: both;
            visibility: hidden;
        }

        /*IE6-7清除浮动方式,*表示ie7以下的版本所识别*/
        .clearfix {
            *zoom: 1;
        }

    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father clearfix">
        <div class="son1">son1 box</div>
        <div class="son2">son2 box</div>
    </div>

    <div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
使用before和after双伪元素清除浮动
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

    <style>
        .father {
            background-color: cyan;
        }

        .son1 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: green;
            float: left;
        }

        .son2 {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: red;
            float: left;
        }

        .footer {
            height: 120px;
            background-color: black;
        }

        .clearfix:after, .clearfix:before {
            content: "";
            display: table;
        }

        .clearfix:after {
            clear: both;
        }

        .clearfix {
            *zoom: 1;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="father clearfix">
        <div class="son1">son1 box</div>
        <div class="son2">son2 box</div>
    </div>

    <div class="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>
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