okhttp——网络请求模型

简介

okhttp是Android中应用最广的http网络请求框架。结构优雅，性能强大。我们通过阅读它，对网络库的架构进行学习。本篇主要阅读okhttp的网络请求拦截链模型。

基本结构

okhttp采用拉截链的模型，将网络请求的各个部分，以一个个拦截器的方法，加入拦截链。

拦截链

详细代码

我们知道，在okhttp的任务调度模型中，最终任务，会调用execute方法。我们先来看execute方法。

    override fun execute() {
      var signalledCallback = false
      transmitter.timeoutEnter()
      try {
        val response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain()
        signalledCallback = true
        responseCallback.onResponse(this@RealCall, response)
      } catch (e: IOException) {
        if (signalledCallback) {
          // Do not signal the callback twice!
          Platform.get().log(INFO, "Callback failure for ${toLoggableString()}", e)
        } else {
          responseCallback.onFailure(this@RealCall, e)
        }
      } finally {
        client.dispatcher().finished(this)
      }
    }

这个方法中，实现网络请求的关键调用是：getResponseWithInterceptorChain。其他主要还是调用回调或处理异常。

拼装拦截链

  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun getResponseWithInterceptorChain(): Response {
    // Build a full stack of interceptors.
    val interceptors = ArrayList<Interceptor>()
    interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors())
    interceptors.add(RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor(client))
    interceptors.add(BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()))
    interceptors.add(CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()))
    interceptors.add(ConnectInterceptor(client))
    if (!forWebSocket) {
      interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors())
    }
    interceptors.add(CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket))

    val chain = RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, null, 0,
        originalRequest, this, client.connectTimeoutMillis(),
        client.readTimeoutMillis(), client.writeTimeoutMillis())

    var calledNoMoreExchanges = false
    try {
      val response = chain.proceed(originalRequest)
      if (transmitter.isCanceled) {
        closeQuietly(response)
        throw IOException("Canceled")
      }
      return response
    } catch (e: IOException) {
      calledNoMoreExchanges = true
      throw transmitter.noMoreExchanges(e) as Throwable
    } finally {
      if (!calledNoMoreExchanges) {
        transmitter.noMoreExchanges(null)
      }
    }
  }

这块儿代码基本还是简单清晰的。先用ArrayList<Interceptor>保存拦截器的队列，然后生成RealInterceptorChain，最后调用proceed方法，获取response。

我们先来看拦截器的抽象实现。

/**
 * Observes, modifies, and potentially short-circuits requests going out and the corresponding
 * responses coming back in. Typically interceptors add, remove, or transform headers on the request
 * or response.
 */
interface Interceptor {
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun intercept(chain: Chain): Response

  companion object {
    // This lambda conversion is for Kotlin callers expecting a Java SAM (single-abstract-method).
    @JvmName("-deprecated_Interceptor")
    inline operator fun invoke(
      crossinline block: (chain: Chain) -> Response
    ): Interceptor = object : Interceptor {
      override fun intercept(chain: Chain) = block(chain)
    }
  }

  interface Chain {
    fun request(): Request

    @Throws(IOException::class)
    fun proceed(request: Request): Response

    /**
     * Returns the connection the request will be executed on. This is only available in the chains
     * of network interceptors; for application interceptors this is always null.
     */
    fun connection(): Connection?

    fun call(): Call

    fun connectTimeoutMillis(): Int

    fun withConnectTimeout(timeout: Int, unit: TimeUnit): Chain

    fun readTimeoutMillis(): Int

    fun withReadTimeout(timeout: Int, unit: TimeUnit): Chain

    fun writeTimeoutMillis(): Int

    fun withWriteTimeout(timeout: Int, unit: TimeUnit): Chain
  }
}

intercept方法，就是拦截器的核心，输入Chain，返回Response。

我们随意找一个Interceptor来进行阅读

RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor

  @Override public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
    Request request = chain.request();
    RealInterceptorChain realChain = (RealInterceptorChain) chain;
    Transmitter transmitter = realChain.transmitter();

    int followUpCount = 0;
    Response priorResponse = null;
    while (true) {
      transmitter.prepareToConnect(request);

      if (transmitter.isCanceled()) {
        throw new IOException("Canceled");
      }

      Response response;
      boolean success = false;
      try {
        response = realChain.proceed(request, transmitter, null);
        success = true;
      } catch (RouteException e) {
        // The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
        if (!recover(e.getLastConnectException(), transmitter, false, request)) {
          throw e.getFirstConnectException();
        }
        continue;
      }
  ...
}

这一段逻辑中，我们传入的是chain，即整个拦截链，会在中间调用realChain.proceed()。表示，在当前拦截器中，我们只做我们职责之类的逻辑，其余的逻辑，交给传入Chain的下一环。

由此我们得知，RealInterceptorChain其实是一次请求所要做的所有工作。每一个Interceptor只负责一部分工作。它们的顺序是从外到内，当完成自己部分的外层功能后，就会将接下来的工作，交给下一层去完成。RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor只负责重试和重定向这些外层工作，其实逻辑会交由拦截器链的下一环节实现。Interceptor本身不用关心下一级的Interceptor是谁。

接下来，我们再看一下，RealInterceptorChain的逻辑。

RealInterceptorChain

RealInterceptorChain中有一个index的索引。它标识了当前拦截器链路进行到了哪一环。
我们着重看RealInterceptorChain的proceed方法，看一下Interceptor是如何前进到下一环的。

class RealInterceptorChain(
  private val interceptors: List<Interceptor>,
  private val transmitter: Transmitter,
  private val exchange: Exchange?,
  private val index: Int,
  private val request: Request,
  private val call: Call,
  private val connectTimeout: Int,
  private val readTimeout: Int,
  private val writeTimeout: Int
) : Interceptor.Chain {

  private var calls: Int = 0

    ......
  override fun proceed(request: Request): Response {
    return proceed(request, transmitter, exchange)
  }

  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun proceed(request: Request, transmitter: Transmitter, exchange: Exchange?): Response {
    if (index >= interceptors.size) throw AssertionError()

    calls++

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
    if (this.exchange != null && !this.exchange.connection().supportsUrl(request.url())) {
      throw IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors[index - 1] +
          " must retain the same host and port")
    }

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
    if (this.exchange != null && calls > 1) {
      throw IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors[index - 1] +
          " must call proceed() exactly once")
    }

    // Call the next interceptor in the chain.
    val next = RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, exchange,
        index + 1, request, call, connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout)
    val interceptor = interceptors[index]

    @Suppress("USELESS_ELVIS")
    val response = interceptor.intercept(next) ?: throw NullPointerException(
        "interceptor $interceptor returned null")

    // Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
    if (exchange != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size && next.calls != 1) {
      throw IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor +
          " must call proceed() exactly once")
    }

    if (response.body() == null) {
      throw IllegalStateException(
          "interceptor $interceptor returned a response with no body")
    }

    return response
  }
}

这一段代码首先对index进行了检查，然后对call,exchange中的种种参数进行了检查。最后调用了

    // Call the next interceptor in the chain.
    val next = RealInterceptorChain(interceptors, transmitter, exchange,
        index + 1, request, call, connectTimeout, readTimeout, writeTimeout)
    val interceptor = interceptors[index]

    @Suppress("USELESS_ELVIS")
    val response = interceptor.intercept(next) ?: throw NullPointerException(
        "interceptor $interceptor returned null")

调用当前interceptor的intercept方法，并将下一个interceptor传入。

小结

okhttp的网络请求，采用了interceptor这样的结构，因为网络请求是一个层级深，分支少的结构。每一个层级并不关心下一个层级的实现。因此，这样的结构很合适。

发散一下，对于层级深，分支少，交付结果一致的业务模型，我们也可以采用这种interceptor的模型。方便层级之前解耦合。

如有问题，欢迎指正。