2019-01-21Selenium
Selenium
视频地址：
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1RJETygOxiT1t2cSjFK_8cA密码: 49ja
基本使用
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.byimportByfromselenium.webdriver.common.keysimportKeysfromselenium.webdriver.supportimportexpected_conditionsasECfromselenium.webdriver.support.waitimportWebDriverWaitbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()try: browser.get('https://www.baidu.com') input = browser.find_element_by_id('kw') input.send_keys('Python') input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER) wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10) wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left'))) print(browser.current_url) print(browser.get_cookies()) print(browser.page_source)finally: browser.close()
声明浏览器对象
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser = webdriver.Firefox()browser = webdriver.Edge()browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()browser = webdriver.Safari()
访问页面
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')print(browser.page_source)browser.close()
查找元素
单个元素
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')input_first = browser.find_element_by_id('q')input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q')input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')print(input_first, input_second, input_third)browser.close()
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.byimportBybrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')input_first = browser.find_element(By.ID,'q')print(input_first)browser.close()
多个元素
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')lis = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.service-bd li')print(lis)browser.close()
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.byimportBybrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')lis = browser.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.service-bd li')print(lis)browser.close()
find_elements_by_name
find_elements_by_xpath
find_elements_by_link_text
find_elements_by_partial_link_text
find_elements_by_tag_name
find_elements_by_class_name
find_elements_by_css_selector
元素交互操作
对获取的元素调用交互方法
fromseleniumimportwebdriverimporttimebrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')input = browser.find_element_by_id('q')input.send_keys('iPhone')time.sleep(1)input.clear()input.send_keys('iPad')button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')button.click()
更多操作:http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement
交互动作
将动作附加到动作链中串行执行
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriverimportActionChainsbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()url ='http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'browser.get(url)browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable')actions = ActionChains(browser)actions.drag_and_drop(source, target)actions.perform()
更多操作:http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains
执行JavaScript
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')
获取元素信息
获取属性
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriverimportActionChainsbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()url ='https://www.zhihu.com/explore'browser.get(url)logo = browser.find_element_by_id('zh-top-link-logo')print(logo)print(logo.get_attribute('class'))
zu-top-link-logo
获取文本值
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()url ='https://www.zhihu.com/explore'browser.get(url)input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')print(input.text)
提问
获取ID、位置、标签名、大小
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()url ='https://www.zhihu.com/explore'browser.get(url)input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')print(input.id)print(input.location)print(input.tag_name)print(input.size)
0.6822924344980397-1{'y': 7,'x': 774}button{'height': 32,'width': 66}
Frame
importtimefromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.common.exceptionsimportNoSuchElementExceptionbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()url ='http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'browser.get(url)browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')print(source)try: logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')exceptNoSuchElementException: print('NO LOGO')browser.switch_to.parent_frame()logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')print(logo)print(logo.text)
NO LOGORUNOOB.COM
等待
隐式等待
当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候，如果 WebDriver没有在 DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，超出设定时间后则抛出找不到元素的异常, 换句话说，当查找元素或元素并没有立即出现的时候，隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找 DOM，默认的时间是0
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.implicitly_wait(10)browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')input = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')print(input)
显式等待
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.webdriver.common.byimportByfromselenium.webdriver.support.uiimportWebDriverWaitfromselenium.webdriver.supportimportexpected_conditionsasECbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10)input = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'q')))button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'.btn-search')))print(input, button)
title_is 标题是某内容
title_contains 标题包含某内容
presence_of_element_located 元素加载出，传入定位元组，如(By.ID, 'p')
visibility_of_element_located 元素可见，传入定位元组
visibility_of 可见，传入元素对象
presence_of_all_elements_located 所有元素加载出
text_to_be_present_in_element 某个元素文本包含某文字
text_to_be_present_in_element_value 某个元素值包含某文字
frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it frame加载并切换
invisibility_of_element_located 元素不可见
element_to_be_clickable 元素可点击
staleness_of 判断一个元素是否仍在DOM，可判断页面是否已经刷新
element_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传元素对象
element_located_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传入定位元组
element_selection_state_to_be 传入元素对象以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
element_located_selection_state_to_be 传入定位元组以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
alert_is_present 是否出现Alert
详细内容：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions
前进后退
importtimefromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.baidu.com/')browser.get('https://www.taobao.com/')browser.get('https://www.python.org/')browser.back()time.sleep(1)browser.forward()browser.close()
Cookies
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')print(browser.get_cookies())browser.add_cookie({'name':'name','domain':'www.zhihu.com','value':'germey'})print(browser.get_cookies())browser.delete_all_cookies()print(browser.get_cookies())
选项卡管理
importtimefromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')browser.execute_script('window.open()')print(browser.window_handles)browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')time.sleep(1)browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])browser.get('https://python.org')
['CDwindow-4f58e3a7-7167-4587-bedf-9cd8c867f435', 'CDwindow-6e05f076-6d77-453a-a36c-32baacc447df']
异常处理
fromseleniumimportwebdriverbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')browser.find_element_by_id('hello')
fromseleniumimportwebdriverfromselenium.common.exceptionsimportTimeoutException, NoSuchElementExceptionbrowser = webdriver.Chrome()try: browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')exceptTimeoutException: print('Time Out')try: browser.find_element_by_id('hello')exceptNoSuchElementException: print('No Element')finally: browser.close()
No Element
详细文档：http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.common.exceptions
作者：躺在云上数星星
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/641d45a601a8
來源：简书
简书著作权归作者所有，任何形式的转载都请联系作者获得授权并注明出处。
