The World This Week Business 笔记整

作者：落辛夷

日期：2018年12月13日

天气：晴转多云

原文请参考：2018年12月1日《The Economist》

考虑了一下，还是觉得附上英文原文更清晰。所以从今日起的英文笔记，我都会附上英文原文。译文都是我自己译的，很希望能收到各位读者的建议！谢谢各位！

昨天晒了一天“网”，今天又开始“打鱼”啦~

以下内容是今日份笔记！

通宵之后写笔记的状态......

Investors welcomed the announcement byGeneral Motors that it is to shut four factories in the United States, one in Canada and two others elsewhere in order to focus on making profitable SUVs and prepare for the shift towards electric-powered and autonomous vehicles. DonaldTrump wasn’t happy. The loss of 14,000 jobs and closure of plants in Michigan and Ohio prompted him to threaten to end the federal subsidies that GM receives for electric cars.

通用汽车宣布，关闭四家美国工厂、一家加拿大工厂，以及两家别处工厂，旨在集中制造赢利的运动型多功能型汽车（SUV），并准备转战电动汽车及自驾车。投资者对此表示欢迎，唐纳德·特朗普（Donald Trump）却因此不悦。失去了一万四千个工作岗位，以及关闭密歇根州及俄亥俄州的工厂，促使特朗普以终止向通用汽车发放电动车联邦津贴相要挟。

General Motors 通用汽车（美国）

threaten to do sth.: to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them or cause problems if they do not do what you want.

e.g. They threatened the shopkeeper with a gun.

[ + to infinitive ] They threatened to kill him unless he did as they asked.

electric-powered vehicles/electric cars 电动汽车

autonomous vehicles 自驾车

SUV 运动型多功能汽车

prompt sb. to do sth.：to make sb. decide to do sth; to cause sth. to happen 促使；导致；激起

Prosecutors in Japan continued their inquiries into Carlos Ghosn’s alleged underreporting of his salary at Nissan.Mr. Ghosn, the architect of a three-way alliance between Nissan, Renault and Mitsubishi, was stripped of the chairmanship of Mitsubishi this week, following a similar move by Nissan. Renault, which in effect controls the alliance, has retained him as chief executive and chairman, appointing a deputy to lead the company in his “temporary” absence.

日本检察官继续调查卡洛斯·戈恩（Carlos Ghosn）被指控少报其在日产汽车薪水的事件。他是日产、雷诺及三菱三方联盟的缔造者，本周被革去三菱主席职位，此前日产也采取过类似行动。实际掌控联盟的雷诺已聘请卡洛斯·戈恩为为公司总经理兼主席，并指派了一位代表领导公司，暂时弥补戈恩的空缺。

prosecutor 检察官

underreport 低估；少报

be stripped of chairmanship 革去主席职位

in effect 实际上

retain: if you retain a lawyer, you pay him or her a fee to make sure that he or she will represent you when your case comes before the court; a technical use 聘请

architect: a person whose job is designing buildings. etc.; a person who is responsible for planningor creating an idea

a three-way alliance 三方联盟

Nissan 日产汽车（日本）

Renault 雷诺（法国）

Mitsubishi 三菱 （日本）

An expert in DNA sequencing in Chinaclaimed that he had edited the genomes of twin baby girls while they were embryos. Scientists working in the field of genetics roundly condemned the news.

一位中国的DNA测序专家宣称，他在双胞胎婴儿还是胚胎时，就编辑了他们的金银组。该条新闻受到了遗传学科学工作者的严厉谴责。

DNA sequencing DNA测序

genome 基因组

roundly 全面地；完全地；严厉地

genetics 遗传学

condemn sb./sth. for/as sth.: to express very strong

disapproval of sb./sth., usually for moral reason 谴责；指责

Bitcoin see-sawed, dropping at one point toits lowest level since September 2017. Underlining the speculative nature of investment in cryptocurrencies, it then rose by 6% in a day to above $4,000, its biggest leap since July. But bitcoin’s overall trend is down; it has fallen by almost 40% since early September.

比特币行情反复不定。自2017年9月，比特币已跌破最低点。接着在一天内价值提升6%， 超过4000美元，自7月以来的最大跃进，凸显了虚拟货币投资的投机性。但是，比特币总体趋势下滑，自9月初起，几乎已下滑40%。

see-saw: to keep changing from one situation, opinion, emotion, etc. to another and back again （局势、意见、感情等）摇摆不定，不断反复，交替

speculative: (of business activity) done in

the hope of making a profit but involving the risk of losing money 投机性的；风险性的

Bitcoin 比特币

cryptocurrency 虚拟货币

In a big speech to Wall Street bankers, Jerome Powell, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, defended the central bank’s policy of gradual interest-rate rises. He also dropped what investors took to be a hint that a pause may come soon, pointing out that interest rates were just below the broad range of estimates that would be neutral for the economy. That will please President Trump, who has criticised Mr. Powell for his “way off base” approach. Stock markets perked up after the speech.

美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔（Jereme Powell）在对华尔街银行家发表大型演讲时，捍卫中央银行逐渐提高利率的政策。他也不考虑投资者认为利率可能停滞的征兆；而指出，利率曾只低于对经济产生中立影响的广泛预计范围。这会使特兰普总统满意，他批判鲍威尔的方式大错特错。股市在此次演讲后再添活力。

the Federal Reserve 美联储

banker 银行家

way off base: on the wrong track;

completely wrong. 大错特错

perk up: become or make more cheerful,

lively, or interesting 活跃起来；昂首翘尾

Randal Quarles, who is responsible for financial supervision at the Fed, was appointed chairman of the Financial Stability Board, an international body created at the height of the financial crisis to advise the G20. Mr. Quarles takes over from Mark Carney, the governor of the Bank of England, and is the first American to be handed the job.

负责美联储金融监督的兰德尔·夸尔斯（Randal Quarles），被任命为金融稳定委员会（Financial Stability Board）主席。该委员会是成立于金融危机势头最盛之时的国际机构，为20国集团峰会（G20）提供建议。夸尔斯从英格兰银行总裁马克·卡尼（Mark Carney）手中接管，他也是第一位胜任此职位的美国人。

Financial Stability Board 金融稳定委员会

at the height of: at the most advanced or extreme point of (something) 在……的顶点；在……的顶峰或鼎盛时期

the Governor of the Bank of England 英格兰银行总裁

take over 接管

背景知识拓展：金融稳定委员会