Android自定义控件Android 自定义ViewAndroid自定义View

View的MeasureSpec理解。

2016-10-12  本文已影响800人  AxeChen

1、理解MeasureSpec
MeasureSpec 很大程度上决定了一个View的尺寸规格。 之所以说是很大程度是因为这个过程还受父容器的影响, 因为父容器影响View的MeasureSpec的创建过程。在测量中系统会将View的Layoutparams根据父容器所施加的规则转化成对应的MeasureSpec。 然后在根据这个measureSpec来测量View的宽高。 这里不一定等于View的最终宽高。

public static class MeasureSpec {
 private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
 private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

 /**
 * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
 * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
 */
 public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

 /**
 * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
 * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
 * of how big it wants to be.
 */
 public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

 /**
 * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
 * to the specified size.
 */
 public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

 /**
 * Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
 *
 * The mode must always be one of the following:
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}</li>
 * <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}</li>
 * <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p><strong>Note:</strong> On API level 17 and lower, makeMeasureSpec's
 * implementation was such that the order of arguments did not matter
 * and overflow in either value could impact the resulting MeasureSpec.
 * {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} was affected by this bug.
 * Apps targeting API levels greater than 17 will get the fixed, more strict
 * behavior.</p>
 *
 * @param size the size of the measure specification
 * @param mode the mode of the measure specification
 * @return the measure specification based on size and mode
 */
 public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
 if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
 return size + mode;
 } else {
 return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
 }
 }

 /**
 * Like {@link #makeMeasureSpec(int, int)}, but any spec with a mode of UNSPECIFIED
 * will automatically get a size of 0. Older apps expect this.
 *
 * @hide internal use only for compatibility with system widgets and older apps
 */
 public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
 if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
 return 0;
 }
 return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
 }

 /**
 * Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
 *
 * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
 * @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
 * {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
 * {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
 */
 public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
 return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
 }

 /**
 * Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
 *
 * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
 * @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
 */
 public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
 return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
 }
...
}

View的三种测量模式:
UNSPECIFIED:父容器不对View有任何限制,要多大给多大。
EXACTLY: 父容器已经检测出View所需要的精确大小,这个时候View的大小就是SpecSIze所指定的值。他对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体的数值这两种模式。
AT_MOST:父容器指定了一个可用大小SpecSize。View的大小不能超过这个值,它对应于LayoutParams的wrap_content。(例如:父布局width或者height设置一个具体值,或者match_parent,子布局设置为wrap_content。此时子布局的最大width或者height就是父布局的width或者height)。使用这种测量模式的View,设置的一定是wrap_content。

2.MeasureSpec 和 LayoutParams的关系
系统内部是通过MeasureSpec来进行View的测量。 在View测量时,系统将LayoutParams在父容器的的约束下转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后再根据这个MeasureSpec来确定View测量后的宽高。MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams决定的. LayoutParams需要和父容器一起才能决定View的MeasureSpec。从而进一步决定View的宽高。 对于普通View,MeasureSpec是由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的Layoutparams来共同决定。 MeasureSpec一旦确定后,onMeasure中就可以确定View的测量宽高。普通的View的measure过程由ViewGroup传递而来。
以下下是ViewGroup的measureChildWidthMargins方法:

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
 int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
   final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

   final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
   mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
           + widthUsed, lp.width);
   final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
           mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
   + heightUsed, lp.height);

   child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

上述方法对子元素进行measure,在调用子元素的measure方法前先通过getChildMeasureSpec来得到子元素的MeasureSpec。 从代码来看。子元素的MeasureSpec的创建好父容器的MeasureSpec和自己本身的LayoutParams有关。此外还和View的margin和padding有关。
具体情况可以看下ViewGroup的getChildMeasuerSpec的方法。
来自博客:http://www.jianshu.com/p/e43a78deab86

    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec); //父控件的测量模式
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); //父控件的测量大小

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // 当父控件的测量模式 是 精确模式.
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            //如果child的布局参数有固定值,比如"layout_width" = "100dp"
            //那么显然child的测量规格也可以确定下来了,测量大小就是100dp,测量模式也是EXACTLY
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } 

            //如果child的布局参数是"match_parent",也就是想要占满父控件
            //而此时父控件是精确模式,也就是能确定自己的尺寸了,那child也能确定自己大小了
            else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            }
            //如果child的布局参数是"wrap_content",也就是想要根据自己的逻辑决定自己大小,
            //比如TextView根据设置的字符串大小来决定自己的大小
            //那就自己决定呗,不过你的大小肯定不能大于父控件的大小嘛
            //所以测量模式就是AT_MOST,测量大小就是父控件的size
            else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // 当父控件的测量模式 是 最大模式,也就是说父控件自己还不知道自己的尺寸,但是大小不能超过size
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            //同样的,既然child能确定自己大小,尽管父控件自己还不知道自己大小,也优先满足孩子的需求
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } 
            //child想要和父控件一样大,但父控件自己也不确定自己大小,所以child也无法确定自己大小
            //但同样的,child的尺寸上限也是父控件的尺寸上限size
            else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            //child想要根据自己逻辑决定大小,那就自己决定呗
            else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

以上方法的理解:根据父容器的MeasureSpec同时结合View的本身LayoutParams来确定子元素的MeasureSpec。 参数中的padding是指父容器中已经占用的空间大小。因此元素可用的大小为父容器的尺寸减去padding。
将以上方法整理成表格:

1f7debd381be.png

注意, 当View采用固定宽高时, 不管富容器的MeasureSpec是什么, View的MeasureSpec都是EXACTLY,并且其大小遵循LayoutParams中的大小。 当View的宽高是match_parent时。如果父容器的模式是EXACTLY那么View也是EXACTLY, 其大小是父容器剩余空间。如果父容器是AT_MOST。那么View也是AT_MOST,并且最大值不会超过父容器的剩余空间。当View的宽高是wrap_content时。无论父容器是exactly还是at_most。View总是at_most

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