Python Pytest自动化测试框架 Assert 断言使用
2020-11-18 本文已影响0人
白码会说
Time will tell.
1、使用assert语句进行断言
Pytest 允许使用标准的 Python assert 语法，用来校验expectation and value是否一致。
代码：
def func():
return 3
def test_func():
assert func() == 4
结果：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_assert.py
F [100%]
================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================
_______________________________________________________________ test_func ________________________________________________________________
def test_func():
> assert func() == 4
E assert 3 == 4
E + where 3 = func()
test_assert.py:5: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.07 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
支持在assert后面添加描述信息：
def func():
return 3
def test_func():
assert func() == 4, 'Value was odd, should be even'
结果：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_assert.py
F [100%]
================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================
_______________________________________________________________ test_func ________________________________________________________________
def test_func():
> assert func() == 4, 'Value was odd, should be even'
E AssertionError: Value was odd, should be even
E assert 3 == 4
E + where 3 = func()
test_assert.py:5: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.07 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
2、预期异常的断言
Pytest 中使用with pytest.raises来断言预期异常。
代码：
import pytest
def func():
raise SystemExit(1)
def test_func():
with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
func()
输出：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_sysexit.py
. [100%]
1 passed in 0.04 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
还可自定义错误的描述：
import pytest
def func():
raise SystemError("Exception 123 raised")
def test_func():
with pytest.raises(SystemError, match=r'.* 123 .*'):
func()
输出：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_assert.py
. [100%]
1 passed in 0.03 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
如果不匹配就会报错：
import pytest
def func():
raise SystemError("Exception 124 raised")
def test_func():
with pytest.raises(SystemError, match=r'.* 123 .*'):
func()
输出：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_assert.py
F [100%]
================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================
_______________________________________________________________ test_func ________________________________________________________________
def test_func():
with pytest.raises(SystemError, match=r'.* 123 .*'):
> func()
E AssertionError: Pattern '.* 123 .*' not found in 'Exception 124 raised'
test_assert.py:8: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.07 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
断言上下文内容(变量)是否相等，实例代码：
def test_set_comparison():
set1 = set('1308')
set2 = set('8035')
assert set1 == set2
结果：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_assert.py
F [100%]
================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================
__________________________________________________________ test_set_comparison ___________________________________________________________
def test_set_comparison():
set1 = set('1308')
set2 = set('8035')
> assert set1 == set2
E AssertionError: assert set(['0', '1', '3', '8']) == set(['0', '3', '5', '8'])
E Extra items in the left set:
E '1'
E Extra items in the right set:
E '5'
E Full diff:
E - set(['0', '1', '3', '8'])
E ? -----...
E
E ...Full output truncated (3 lines hidden), use '-vv' to show
test_assert.py:4: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.10 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
3、自定义断言
可通过实现pytest_assertrepr_compare方法，来自定义assert实现。
比如一个Class Foo，我们比较 f1 和 f2 。
class Foo(object):
def __init__(self, val):
self.val = val
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.val == other.val
def test_compare():
f1 = Foo(1)
f2 = Foo(1)
assert f1 == f2
结果：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest -q test_foocompare.py
F [100%]
================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================
______________________________________________________________ test_compare ______________________________________________________________
def test_compare():
f1 = Foo(1)
f2 = Foo(2)
> assert f1 == f2
E assert <test_foocompare.Foo object at 0x1029eb7d0> == <test_foocompare.Foo object at 0x1029eb290>
test_foocompare.py:11: AssertionError
1 failed in 0.09 seconds
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
错误提示不够友好， 可以通过完成pytest_assertrepr_compare方法自定义：
from test_foocompare import Foo
def pytest_assertrepr_compare(op, left, right):
if isinstance(left, Foo) and isinstance(right, Foo) and op == "==":
return ['Comparing Foo instance:', 'vals: %s != %s' % (left.val, right.val)]
结果如下：
(wda_python) bash-3.2$ pytest
========================================================== test session starts ===========================================================
platform darwin -- Python 2.7.15, pytest-4.1.0, py-1.7.0, pluggy-0.8.0
rootdir: /Users/jackey/Documents/iOS/code/iOS-Auto/Agent_Test, inifile:
collected 1 item
test_foocompare.py F [100%]
================================================================ FAILURES ================================================================
______________________________________________________________ test_compare ______________________________________________________________
def test_compare():
f1 = Foo(1)
f2 = Foo(2)
> assert f1 == f2
E assert Comparing Foo instance:
E vals: 1 != 2
test_foocompare.py:11: AssertionError
======================================================== 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ========================================================
(wda_python) bash-3.2$
以上关于断言分享就到这里，希望对看过本章节的你有所帮助，如果你喜欢软件测试这个行业，可以加入我们175317069一起学习，会有行业深潜多年的测试人技术分析讲解。
祝愿你能成为一名优秀的软件测试工程师！
欢迎【评论】、【点赞】、【关注】~
Time will tell.（时间会证明一切）
