12-docker系列-docker之compose如何上手使用

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主旨

上文已经介绍了compose的安装以及相关命令，那么本文我们就开始详细的说下具体该如何使用呢，compose的配置文件又该如何去写呢？往下看。

环境

linux环境docker环境docker-compose环境

举栗子

PS：推荐执行docker-compose的时候，要切换到docker-compose.yml配置文件同目录下执行。

1、使用docker-compose管理多个容器

[yunweijia@localhost ~]$ mkdir -pv docker/compose/test01mkdir: 已创建目录 "docker/compose"mkdir: 已创建目录 "docker/compose/test01"[yunweijia@localhost ~]$ cd docker/compose/test01/[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ touch docker-compose.yml[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ vim docker-compose.yml version: '2'services:  nginx:    image: nginx:latest  redis:    image: redis:latest[yunweijia@localhost test01]$

上面的例子的意思是同时管理redis和nginx镜像，我们启动它，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose up -dCreating network "test01_default" with the default driverCreating test01_redis_1 ... doneCreating test01_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test01]$[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose ps     Name                   Command               State    Ports  ------------------------------------------------------------------test01_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      80/tcp  test01_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      6379/tcp[yunweijia@localhost test01]$  

关闭他，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose stopStopping test01_redis_1 ... doneStopping test01_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose ps     Name                   Command               State    Ports----------------------------------------------------------------test01_nginx_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Exit 0        test01_redis_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Exit 0        [yunweijia@localhost test01]$

停止之后，再次查看的时候，发现state已经变成了exit，然后我们删除它，防止影响到我们接下来做的实验；

[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose rmGoing to remove test01_redis_1, test01_nginx_1Are you sure? [yN] yRemoving test01_redis_1 ... doneRemoving test01_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ sudo docker-compose psName   Command   State   Ports------------------------------[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ 

2、使用docker-compose做端口映射

语法：  ports：  - “宿主机端口:容器端口”    # 同样的，宿主机端口可以不等于容器端口实例：[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test02mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test02"[yunweijia@localhost test01]$ cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test02/[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ touch docker-compose.yml[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ vim docker-compose.yml version: '2'services:  nginx:    image: nginx:latest    ports:    - "80:80"  redis:    image: redis:latest    ports:    - "6379:6379"[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ 

上面的意思是在第一个例子的前提上，将端口号映射到宿主机上，方便我们使用，下面我们启用并验证他；

[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose up -dStarting test02_redis_1 ... doneStarting test02_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose ps     Name                   Command               State                    Ports                  --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------test02_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp,:::80->80/tcp        test02_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp,:::6379->6379/tcp[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ [yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanentsuccess[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=6379/tcp --permanentsuccess[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo firewall-cmd --reloadsuccess[yunweijia@localhost test02]$

浏览器访问验证nginx：

redis同理，就不进行验证了；然后我们停止并删除这两个容器，以防对我们接下来的内容有影响；

[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose stopStopping test02_nginx_1 ... doneStopping test02_redis_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose rmGoing to remove test02_nginx_1, test02_redis_1Are you sure? [yN] yRemoving test02_nginx_1 ... doneRemoving test02_redis_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ sudo docker-compose psName   Command   State   Ports------------------------------[yunweijia@localhost test02]$

3、使用docker-compose设置网络模式

语法：  network_mode: "模式"实例：[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test03mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test03"[yunweijia@localhost test02]$ cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test03/[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ touch docker-compose.yml[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ vim docker-compose.ymlversion: '2'services:  nginx:    image: nginx:latest    network_mode: "host"  redis:    image: redis:latest    network_mode: "none"[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ 

以上redis使用的是null网络模式，nginx使用的是host网络模式，这两种模式如果忘记具体是什么意思的话，可以翻看往期内容，下面我们来启动验证他：

[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose up -dCreating test03_nginx_1 ... doneCreating test03_redis_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose ps     Name                   Command               State   Ports---------------------------------------------------------------test03_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up           test03_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up           [yunweijia@localhost test03]$

由于redis是null模式，所以无法访问到，那么我们直接访问nginx进行验证试一下（PS：80端口的防火墙，在第二个例子中就已经放开了，此处略过此步骤）：

我们停止并删除这两个容器，以防对下面实验有影响：

[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose stopStopping test03_redis_1 ... doneStopping test03_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ sudo docker-compose rmGoing to remove test03_redis_1, test03_nginx_1Are you sure? [yN] yRemoving test03_redis_1 ... doneRemoving test03_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ 

4、使用docker-compose设置文件共享

[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04"[yunweijia@localhost test03]$ cd !$cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ mkdir logs[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ touch docker-compose.yml[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ vim docker-compose.ymlversion: '2'services:  nginx:    image: nginx:latest    volumes:    - /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test04/logs:/var/log/nginx    network_mode: "host"  redis:    image: redis:latest[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ 

以上例子是将nginx的日志，放置到了宿主机，我们启动验证他：

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose up -dCreating test04_redis_1 ... doneCreating test04_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose ps     Name                   Command               State    Ports  ------------------------------------------------------------------test04_nginx_1   /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up              test04_redis_1   docker-entrypoint.sh redis ...   Up      6379/tcp[yunweijia@localhost test04]$

浏览器访问几次：

看下日志文件是否共享出来了：

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ cd logs/[yunweijia@localhost logs]$ lsaccess.log  error.log[yunweijia@localhost logs]$ cat access.log 192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:16 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"192.168.112.1 - - [18/Feb/2022:07:51:17 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36" "-"[yunweijia@localhost logs]$

我们停止并删除这两个容器，以防对下面实验有影响：

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose stopStopping test04_redis_1 ... doneStopping test04_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ sudo docker-compose rmyGoing to remove test04_redis_1, test04_nginx_1Are you sure? [yN] Removing test04_redis_1 ... doneRemoving test04_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ 

5、如果相同的镜像和环境，想启动多个容器

[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ mkdir -pv /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test05mkdir: 已创建目录 "/home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test05"[yunweijia@localhost test04]$ cd !$cd /home/yunweijia/docker/compose/test05[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ touch docker-compose.yml[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ vim docker-compose.yml version: '2'services:  nginx:    image: nginx:latest  redis:    image: redis:latest[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose up -d --scale nginx=3Creating network "test05_default" with the default driverCreating test05_nginx_1 ... doneCreating test05_nginx_2 ... doneCreating test05_nginx_3 ... doneCreating test05_redis_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test05]$

以上示例中，我们将启动了3个nginx镜像，但是redis不受影响，还是一个，如果我们想进入启动了多个的nginx容器中，需要指定容器ID，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose exec --index=2 nginx bashroot@f50418f6d919:/# exitexit[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose exec --index=1 nginx bashroot@23e004cc5330:/# exitexit[yunweijia@localhost test05]$

停止并删除这4个容器，如下：

[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose stopStopping test05_nginx_3 ... doneStopping test05_nginx_2 ... doneStopping test05_redis_1 ... doneStopping test05_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test05]$ sudo docker-compose rmGoing to remove test05_nginx_3, test05_nginx_2, test05_redis_1, test05_nginx_1Are you sure? [yN] yRemoving test05_nginx_3 ... doneRemoving test05_nginx_2 ... doneRemoving test05_redis_1 ... doneRemoving test05_nginx_1 ... done[yunweijia@localhost test05]$

至此，docker-compose的介绍结束，当然了，远远不止这些参数，也不止如此的简单，这里只是把经常用的列出来了，要深入研究还是要查看官网，这里负责让你入门。

下来我们将写下harbor仓库如何搭建以及如何使用，各位老板有什么问题欢迎后台留言。

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