day30-第一阶段知识点的复习
2019-04-13 本文已影响0人
Diudiu_0588
1 ifconfig：查看设置IP
1）查看网卡设备IP
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig <===查看所有网卡的IP
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 31 bytes 4411 (4.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 50 bytes 6401 (6.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 <===查看指定网卡的IP
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 51 bytes 6071 (5.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 62 bytes 8571 (8.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
2）关闭网卡
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig down eth0
3）开启网卡
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 up
4）配置ip地址
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.201
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 <===查看IP是否修改
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 315 bytes 32356 (31.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 300 bytes 35378 (34.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
5）配置ip地址和子网掩码
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0 <===查看IP和子网掩码是否修改
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.201 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 315 bytes 32356 (31.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 300 bytes 35378 (34.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
6）单网卡添加IP地址
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.1.100 up
[root@oldboy ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 <===查看添加的IP地址
eth0:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
7）删除IP地址
[root@oldboy ~]$ ifconfig eth0 del 192.168.1.100
2. ip：查看和设置网络和IP
1）查看IP地址
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.200/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2）添加IP地址
[root@oldboy ~]# ip addr add 192.168.17.30/24 dev eth0
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a <===查看是否添加成功
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.201/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.17.30/24 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3）删除IP地址
[root@oldboy ~]# ip addr del 192.168.17.30/24 dev eth0
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a <===查看是否删除成功
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:be:01:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.201/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::ee8d:f3d3:c194:40b4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3. ping：发送数据到网络，检查网络是否通畅
[root@oldboy ~]# ping baidu.com <===此时网络通畅
PING baidu.com (220.181.57.216) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=18.4 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=10.6 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=11.4 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.57.216 (220.181.57.216): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=18.8 ms
4. traceroute：查看到达主机的网络路由信息
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| -d | 不作反向解析 |
[root@oldboyedu ~]# traceroute -d www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (61.135.169.125), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (10.0.0.254) 0.172 ms 0.131 ms 0.130 ms
2 * * *
3 * * *
4 * * *
5 * * *
5. route：查看设置网关、路由
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| -host | 主机路由 |
| -net | 网络路由 |
| -n | 查看路由信息 |
| add | 添加一个新路由 |
| gw | 指定的入口 |
| del | 删除路由 |
| default gw | 默认网关 |
1）查看路由信息
[root@oldboyedu ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
2）添加路由信息
[root@oldboy ~]# route add -net 192.168.0.0/24 gw 10.0.0.12
[root@oldboy ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 10.0.0.12 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
3）删除路由信息
[root@oldboy ~]# route del -net 192.168.0.0/24 gw 10.0.0.12
[root@oldboy ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.0.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
6. telnet：检测远程端口是否通畅
[root@oldboyedu ~]# telnet 123.125.114.144 80
Trying 123.125.114.144... <---尝试连接远程主机
Connected to 123.125.114.144. <---连接成功
