联动中寻求韧性增长
为全球经济传递信心Conveying confidence for the global economy
汉斯—保罗·博克纳：二十国集团峰会让世界上最重要国家的领导人有机会互相了解切磋，讨论关键议题，并找出解决关键问题的方法。增长和就业是所有国家的主要目标，它们就是绝大多数人的福祉。有形资本投资与贸易和国际合作投资是二十国集团的主要议题。只有二十国集团继续相信投资、贸易和合作会为大家提供双赢机会，我们才能促进共同发展。“一带一路”、欧盟的《非洲契约》都是投资和合作倡议促进增长和就业的例子。同时，我们还需要更多这样的举措来确保绝大多数国家受益。此外，也需要与保护主义做斗争。The group of twenty summit gives leaders of the world's most important nations an opportunity to get to know each other,disgussion of key issues,and find out the method to solve the key problem. Growth and employment is the main goal of all countries, it is most people's well being. Physical capital investment and trade and the international investment cooperation is the main topic of the group of twenty . Only the group of twenty nations continue to believe that investment and trade will provide the win-win cooperation everyone, we can promote the common development. "one belt one road" EU [Africa contract] both investment and cooperation initiatives to promote the growth and employment for example. Meanwhile, we also need more such initiatives to ensure that the vest majority of countries benefit, futhermore, also need to fight the protectionism as.
亚历山德罗·瑞布奇：在当前经济和政治环境下，二十国集团内的主要大国之间需要建立更紧密的伙伴关系，包括中国、德国和美国，需要协调采取措施来促进经济增长。比较紧迫的任务之一是降低青年人失业率，美国青年人失业率接近10%，欧洲这一数字更高。对此，发展教育是一个可以共同行动的领域，尤其信息技术。对于某些地区来说，技术落后比国际贸易落后更能造成失业和经济衰退。教育可以培养年轻一代掌握就业技能，尤其是人工智能和机器人技术。另外，政府提供政策支持促进创业，增加中小企业数量是另一个可以共同行动的领域。在这方面，中国一直处于前沿。在实践层面，像社交平台、电子银行和电子商务都是可以合作的领域。in the current enconomic and political enviroment,between the major powers of the group of twenty in the need to establish a closer partnership, including Chinese, Germany and the United States, the need to coordinate to take the measures to promote the enconomic growth. one of the most urgent task is to reduce the rate of youth unemployment , the youth unemployment rate close to 10 percent, the European high members. In this regard, the development of education is a common field of action especially in imformation technbology. Towards some places, backward technology can also cause unemployment and enconomic recession than international trade. Education can cultivate young master employment skills especially in artifical intelligence and robot's technology . In addition, the government provides politicy support to promote entrepreneurship, increase the number of small and medium-size enterprises is another common field of action. In this aspect, Chinese has been at the forefront. In practice, like social plateform, electronic banking and E-commerce is an area we can work together
陈刚：二十国集团组织诞生于应对国际金融危机之时，目前应该根据世界经济发展新的挑战，调整自身发展方向，进一步将合作瞄准对世界经济增长乏力的根源性问题的探讨和解决，尤其是应当拿出具体的解决方案。各国领导人和政府官员应当定期磋商，对重大贸易、投资等问题进行长期、有效的沟通与磋商，争取把达成的共识落到实处。在平台打造方面，应当更多强调部长级官员的磋商和合作平台的构建，努力提高合作的效率。同时各国应当尊重彼此的国情，求同存异，在平等的基础上实现合作共赢和市场开放，进一步推动经济全球化和世界经济发展的再平衡。The group of twenty issues was both in the response of international financial crisis when the current chanllenges of the world should be based on the new enconomic development, adjust its direction of develpoment, will further explore and solve the root of the problem of cooperation aimed at the world economic growth is weak,especially should take specific solutions. The leaders and government officials should be regular consultations and on major trade, long-term investment, effective communication and consultation, and strive to reach a consensus implemented. In the build platform, should be more emphasis on ministerial consultations and to construct the platform, to improve the efficiency of cooperation. At the same time, all countries should respect each other's situation, seek common ground, to achieve win-win cooperation and the opening of the market on the basis of equality and balance further promote the economic development of the economic globalization and the world.
约尔格·罗霍尔：在二十国集团杭州峰会上，各参会成员明确承诺建立一个开放的全球经济以及反对保护主义，并在全球范围内促进贸易和投资。杭州峰会的成果在过去一年里经受了真正的磨练和考验。二十国集团汉堡峰会具有至关重要的意义，特别是在国际政治变化的大环境下。届时各国领导人可以明确突出自由贸易的好处，并且把对自由贸易的承诺从汉堡带给全世界。In the group of twenty summit in Hangzhou, the participating members of a clear commitment to build an open world economy and oppose protectionism, and promote trade and investment in the world. The Hangzhou outcome has withstood the trials and tribulations of the real in the past year. Is of vital significance in the group of twenty summit in Hamburg, especially the changes in the international political environment. Then the leaders can clearly highlight the benefits of free trade, and the commitment to free trade to the world from Hamburg.
施明贤：二十国集团峰会很好地展现了在愈加全球化的当今社会，不同国家之间如何通过讨论磋商，就一些话题达成共识。今年峰会最大的焦点莫过于在自由贸易、气候变化问题上，美国与其他成员之间较大的意见分歧，是否能够得到协调，也正是因为这些分歧的存在，本次汉堡二十国集团峰会的作用显得尤为重要。因此，德国有义务保证这些争议性话题在一个相对理性的环境中平稳讨论，让分歧各方都能够清晰阐述自己的观点和看法。The group of twenty summit of a good show in today's society more and more globalization, between different countries through consultation, to reach a consensus on a number of topics. This year the focus of the summit is the largest in the free trade, climate change, large differences between the United States and other members, whether can be coordinated, it is because of these disagreements, the Hamburg summit of the group of twenty nations is becoming more and more important. Therefore, Germany has the obligation to ensure that these controversial topics smoothly in a relatively rational environment, make the differences between the parties are able to clearly explain their views and opinions.
塞维利诺·卡布拉尔：在经济全球化的今天，作为重要的全球经济合作平台，二十国集团成员间更应加强政策协调，共同应对全球性挑战；开放市场，避免贸易保护主义抬头；深化经济合作，促进共赢发展，推动全球经济复苏。在峰会召开的基础上，成员之间可以加强沟通，管控分歧，凝聚共识，为进一步开展经济合作提供有力保证。中国作为负责任大国，已经向二十国集团成员、向全世界发出信息，希望共同构建合作共赢的全球伙伴关系。发起成立亚投行、提出“一带一路”倡议都是这一背景下的重要举措。In the economic globalization, global economic cooperation as an important platform for members of the group of twenty nations, more should strengthen policy coordination and jointly cope with global challenges; open markets to avoid trade protectionism; deepen economic cooperation and promote win-win development, promote the recovery of the global economy. Based on the summit, can strengthen the communication between members, control differences, consensus, provide a strong guarantee for the further development of economic cooperation. Chinese as a responsible country, has been to the members of the group of twenty, sent a message to the world, a global partnership is built to win-win cooperation. Initiated the establishment of Asian investment bank, put forward the "The Belt and Road" initiative is an important measure of this under the background of.
创新驱动世界经济增长
汉斯—保罗·博克纳：创新需要确保开放型经济，即让国内外企业家和企业能够建立业务、尝试新的商业模式并扩大发展。如果国有企业或私营企业受到贸易保护，抑或是新公司的成立受到种种监管规则的限制，在这样的经济环境下不会看到创新，更不会看到一个充满活力的数字化经济。新的竞争对手也将迫使成熟企业寻求创新，进行新的工业革命，并尝试数字化的商业模式。创新与变革的关键是竞争。 innovation needs to ensure thatthe open enconomy , which makes domestic and foreign entrepreneurs and enterprises to build a business, try to a new bussiness model and expand development. if the state-owned enterprises or private enterprises by trade protection, or the establishment of the new company by various regulation restrictions, innovation will not see in this economy environment but will not see a vibrant digital economy. New rivals will also force the mature enterprises to seek innovation, the new industrial revolution, and try to digital business model, The key innovation is competition
陈刚：在推动创新方面，各主要经济体应当加强高科技和尖端技术领域的合作，各国科技人员之间应当加强合作，在保护知识产权的前提下有效促进人类科研成果的共享。目前全球经济在数字技术、环保和新能源技术以及生物科学技术等领域的发展中正面临新一轮的工业革命，这种技术变革带来的产业革命既会成为经济的新增长点，也会对既有产业和就业造成巨大冲击，对某些制造业和服务业的影响尤为突出。总的来讲，各国经济部门、科技部门应当加大对创新型产业的投入和研发，出台支持政策，鼓励科技创新和新技术的运用。同时各经济体应当对跨国技术传播和投资持开放态度。in promoting innovation , major conomies should strengthen the field of high-tech and cutting-edge technology cooperation between the national science and technology personnel should strengthen cooperation, under the condition of intellectual property protection effectively to promote the sharing of the achievement of human research. at present, the global-economyin the digital technology is facing a new round of industial revolution and new energy technology development area and the biological science and technology in the industrial revolution brings technological change will become a new economic growth point, it will cause great impact on both industrial and employment effects on some manufacturing and services is particularly prominent. In general, all sectors of the economy, science and technology departments should increase the innovative industry investment in research and development, the introduction of supporting policies, encourage technological innovation and use of new technology. At the same time, the economy should be open to cross-border spread of technology and investment.
亚历山德罗·瑞布奇：面对危机和挑战，二十国集团成员采取了更加切实的行动。当前全球经济增长比预期脆弱，欧洲只有1%，美国只有2%；经济增长过程中，主要经济体的收入差距和分歧也在加大。二十国集团杭州峰会提出了创新、新工业革命、数字经济三大行动计划，成为促进经济增长的亮点，因此受到欢迎。此外，我认为这三方面对于促进年轻人教育和成长都有着积极意义。二十国集团汉堡峰会将在德国举行，德国在发展职业学校方面有着丰富经验，可以提供借鉴。the face of the crisis and challenges, the group of twenty membersto take a more practical action. the current global economy growth than expected in European vulnerable only 1 percent, American only has 2 percent; in the process of economic growth, the major economies of the income gap and the differences are on the increase. the group of twenty summit in Hangzhou, and puts forward the innovation, the new industrial revolution,the digital economy the three action plan to promote economic growth, become the highlight, so welcome, futhermore , i think these three aspects have a positive significance for the promotion of young people's education and growth. the group of twenty summit will be held in Hamberg,Germany in the development of occupation school has a wealth of experience, can provide a reference.
塞维利诺·卡布拉尔：创新是永恒的话题，是驱动经济发展的动力。二十国集团杭州峰会将“创新增长方式”列为核心议题之一，并达成《二十国集团创新增长蓝图》，不难看出二十国集团对于创新的重视。二十国集团成员应围绕《二十国集团创新增长蓝图》加大创新投入，强化国际创新合作，利用二十国集团平台加强交流、互联互通，共同推动创新发展。innovation is thye eternal subject,is the driving force of economic development .the group of twenty summit in Hangzhou will be "innovation growth mode" as one of the core issues, and reached twenty in the group of innovative growth blueprint ,it is not difficult to see that the group of twenty nations for innovation attention. the group of twenty members should focus on<innovation growth blueprint> to increase investment in innovation, strengthening international cooperation in innovation, the group of twenty nations platform to strengthen communication, interoperability, and jiontly promote the innovation and development.
结构改革提高structual reforms improve
中长期增长潜力lin the long- term growth potential
汉斯—保罗·博克纳：结构性改革的目的在于为更多大中小型企业的建立提供更多的机会。最终，结构性改革意味着更多的竞争。无论是国内保护主义还是国际保护主义，还有全面的限制性法规，都会阻止竞争，从而影响创新和增长。所以结构性改革往往要开放市场，包括产品市场、服务市场、数字化市场和劳动力市场。最糟糕的是存在垄断和保护垄断的法规。the purpose of structual reform is to provide more chances for the establishment of more small and medium-sized enterprises. and finally,the structual reform means more competition.whether domestic or international protectionism,and comprehensive restrictive regulations, will prevent competition, thus affecting the innovation and growth. so the structual reforms tend to open markets including the product market, service market, digital market and labor market. the worst is the existence of monopoly and monopoly protection regulations.
陈刚：当前世界经济发展面临的重要挑战是收入差距的不断扩大和由此带来的需求不足及产能过剩。提高经济长期发展潜力需要一方面提高广大劳动者的收入，缩小国家间和国家内部的贫富差距，另一方面应根据需求变化，改变产品和服务的供给结构，减少产能过剩和无效供应，刺激有效消费。An important challenge to the development of the world economy is expanding income gap and the resulting lack of demand and overcapacity. Improve the long-term economic development potential to increase the workers' income on the one hand, narrowing between and within countries the gap between rich and poor, should be based on changes in demand on the other hand, the supply structure change of products and services. To reduce overcapacity and ineffective supply, stimulate consumption.
亚历山德罗·瑞布奇：总体而言，政策制定者需要重点关注经济发展中的结构问题，支持和提高劳动力质量，促进发展新技术，让劳动力性别构成和年龄分布更加平衡。采取措施消除或抑制这些障碍将会带来更大的正面影响，有助于进一步提高这些行业或部门的经济效率。Overall, policymakers need to focus on structural issues in economic development, support and improve the quality of the labor force, promote the development of new technology, make labor sex and age distribution is more balanced. Take measures to eliminate or bring positive influence to greater inhibition of these obstacles will help to further improve these industries or sectors of the economy efficiency.
塞维利诺·卡布拉尔：当前全球经济受结构性问题困扰增长缓慢，结构性改革势在必行。然而，改革绝非易事，各国应结合本国国情有针对性地进行结构性改革，而非照搬别国模式。在具体执行中可以参考杭州峰会确定的九大结构性改革优先领域。The current global economic structural problems of slow growth, structural reform is imperative. However, the reform is not easy, all countries should combine the national conditions to carry out structural reforms, rather than copy the mode of other countries. In the implementation of the Hangzhou summit can refer to determine nine structural reform priority areas.
国家工业化步伐industrialization pace of the country
塞维利诺·卡布拉尔：二十国集团杭州峰会关注非洲国家和最不发达国家的工业化发展具有开创意义，体现了推动全球包容联动式发展的观念。在经济领域，二十国集团成员应在平等的基础上加强同最不发达国家的合作，促进对非洲国家投资，尤其是在基础设施、制造业等领域扩大对外援助和资本、技术输出，推动其快速发展。通过 “一带一路”倡议，中国为非洲国家基础设施改善做出巨大贡献，值得二十国集团成员学习。the Hangzhou summit of the group of the country focuses on the industralization of African countries and the least developed countries, reflects the global inclusive linkage development concept. In the economic field, the members of the group of twenty countries with the least developed countries should strengthen cooperation on the basis of equality, to promote investment in African countries, especially in the infrastructure, manufacturing and other areas to expand foreign aid and capital, technology export, promote its rapid development. Through the "The Belt and Road" initiative, China has made a tremendous contribution to African countries to improve infrastructure, members of the group of twenty is worth learning.
汉斯—保罗·博克纳：非洲的发展确实落后。为了促进工业化，至关重要的一点是要促进整体发展。我不认为有捷径可言，也不认为非洲可以实现跨越式发展。首先，要建立坚实的工业化基础，要培养人才进行生产，建设基础设施实现工作供应链，建立职能机构维持良好的秩序。没有这些基础，工业无法运转，跨越式发展更加无从谈起。The development of Africa is backward. In order to promote industrialization, the crucial point is to promote the overall development. I don't think there is a shortcut, do not think that Africa can achieve leapfrog development. First of all, to establish a solid foundation for the industrialization, to cultivate talents for production, construction of infrastructure work to achieve supply chain, establishing a mechanism to maintain good order. Without this foundation, industry to operate, leapfrog development more impossible.
陈刚：先进工业化国家应当加大在这些欠发达国家的投资和技术合作，在政府治理、企业管理、非政府组织培训等领域提供帮助和指导，扩大对这些国家商品的进口。互联网等技术在这些国家的快速普及为这些国家实现跨越式发展提供了机遇。Advanced industrialized countries should increase in these less developed countries investment and technological cooperation, management of enterprises in the government management, and provide help and guidance to the field of non government organization and training, expand imports of these commodities. The national Internet technology in general and fast these countries provide opportunities for these countries to achieve leapfrog development.
施明贤：今年峰会很有可能为欧中关系带来新的机遇，尤其在共同建设开发非洲上。众所周知，非洲发展和最不发达国家工业化是目前面临的一大难题，也是今年峰会的一大主要议题。关键问题在于如何为非洲大陆提供具体支持，以助其自主发展。近年来欧洲面临的难民危机中，亦有大量非洲难民。只有让非洲地区稳定发展，才能从根本上解决这一地区的难民问题。This summit is likely to bring new opportunities for bilateral relations, especially in the construction of common development of Africa. As everyone knows, the industrialization development of Africa and the least developed countries are currently facing a major problem, but also a main topic of the summit this year. The key question is how to provide concrete support for the African continent, with its independent development in the recent years. Europe is facing the refugee crisis, there are a lot of African refugees. Only let the stable development in Africa, in order to solve the refugee problem in this area fundamentally.
亚历山德罗·瑞布奇：从历史经验来看，推动非洲和最不发达国家实现工业化的最佳途径是发展国际贸易，包括商品、服务和资产的贸易。经验表明，国际贸易会创造赢家和输家，但进入贸易体系的经济体其总体收益通常是积极和巨大的，但一段时间内可能需要在地域、代际和政治方面上付出过渡成本。因此，二十国集团成员需要制定政策来协调国际贸易协定，通过建立一系列安全网和缓冲措施，以尽量减少对碎片化劳动力和弱势群体带来的风险。From the historical experience, the best way to promote Africa and the least developed countries to achieve industrialization is the development of international trade, including goods, services and assets trade. Experience shows that international trade will create winners and losers, but the economy into the trading system the overall income is usually positive and great, but within a period of time may be required in the region, the intergenerational and political aspects pay the transition cost. Therefore, the members of the group of twenty nations need to develop policies to coordinate the international trade agreements, through the establishment of a series of safety nets and buffering measures to minimize the risk of fragmentation of labor and vulnerable groups.
