Python Pip 包管理器
来源： http://blog.csdn.net/olanlanxiari/article/details/48086917
1前言
pip是一个Python包管理工具，主要是用于安装PyPI上的软件包，可以替代easy_install工具。
GitHub:https://github.com/pypa/pip
Doc:https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/
2获取pip
2.1脚本安装pip
$ curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py
$ python get-pip.py
2.2使用包管理软件安装
$ sudo yum install python-pip
$ sudo apt-get install python-pip
2.3更新pip
$ pip install -U pip
3pip基本使用
3.1安装PyPI软件
$ pip install SomePackage
[...]
Successfully installed SomePackage
3.2查看具体安装文件
$ pip show --files SomePackage
Name: SomePackage
Version: 1.0
Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
../somepackage/__init__.py
[...]
3.3查看哪些软件需要更新
$ pip list --outdated
SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)
3.4升级软件包
$ pip install --upgrade SomePackage
[...]
Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
Uninstalling SomePackage:
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
Running setup.py install for SomePackage
Successfully installed SomePackage
3.5卸载软件包
$ pip uninstall SomePackage
Uninstalling SomePackage:
/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
4pip简明手册
4.1安装具体版本软件
$ pip install SomePackage # latest version
$ pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 # specific version
$ pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4' # minimum version
4.2Requirements文件安装依赖软件
Requirements文件一般记录的是依赖软件列表，通过pip可以一次性安装依赖软件包:
$ pip freeze > requirements.txt
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
4.3列出软件包清单
$ pip list
$ pip list --outdated
ipython (Current: 1.2.0 Latest: 2.3.0)
4.4查看软件包信息
$ pip show pip
---
Name: pip
Version: 1.4.1
Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Requires:
$ pip show pyopencl
---
Name: pyopencl
Version: 2014.1
Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Requires: pytools, pytest, decorator
4.5搜寻
$ pip search pycuda
pycuda - Python wrapper for Nvidia CUDA
pyfft - FFT library for PyCuda and PyOpenCL
cudatree - Random Forests for the GPU using PyCUDA
reikna - GPGPU algorithms for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL
compyte - A common set of compute primitives for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL (to be created)
4.6配置文件
配置文件:$HOME/.pip/pip.conf, 举例:
[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = http://download.zope.org/ppix
[install]
ignore-installed = true
no-dependencies = yes
4.7命令行自动补全
对于bash:
$ pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile
对于zsh:
$ pip completion --zsh >> ~/.zprofile
加载此配置文件后，则pip命令支持自动补全功能.
5后记
应该尽量使用pip，不要继续使用easy_install.
