大刘的 iOS 自学笔记

IDEA springmvc 开始项目

2018-09-27  本文已影响16人  大刘

开始配置

-- pom.xml --

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>cn.wxy</groupId>
  <artifactId>WXYProj</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>WXYProj Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>4.1.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 添加Spring支持 -->
      <!-- 核心包 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- pring IOC的基础实现，包含访问配置文件、创建和管理bean等 -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
    <dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>1.1.2</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>WXYProj</finalName>
    ...
  </build>
</project>

-- WEB-INF/web.xml --

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

-- WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml --

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <beans>
        <bean name="/hello" class="cn.weizhen.HelloController" />
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" />
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" />
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" />
    </beans>
</beans>

这里指定的BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping, SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter, InternalResourceViewResolver分别是映射器（处理url->class），适配器(处理class中的方法)和jsp页面调用。这三个bean也是默认的，可以省略不写。

在IDEA中使用javax需要把tomcat中的servlet-api.jar， jsp-api.jsp加入到WEB-INF/lib下，如果没有lib，可以新建一个，加入这两个jar包后要右键add as Library.

-- src/main/java/cn.weizhen/HelloController.java --

package cn.weizhen;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloController implements Controller {

    public static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HelloController.class);

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        logger.debug("Did called handleRequest");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp");
        modelAndView.addObject("message", "Hello world");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

-- WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp --

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
<!-- modelAndView.addObject("message", "Hello world"); -->
${requestScope.message}
</body>
</html>

运行：浏览器键入：http://localhost:8080/hello
结果：
Hello
Hello world

上面的示例中，welcome.jsp使用了EL表达式，因此在pom.xml中导入了jstl的架包。而HelloController实现spring的Controller接口并实现其中的方法：ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception, 这是Spring2.5之前的方式，这种方式只能处理一个单一请求。而Spring2.5之后一般通过基于注解的方式处理，不需要实现任何接口，并且可以支持同时
处理多个请求动作。

使用注解

现在基本上都是使用注解的方式了。
修改springmvc-config.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc">
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.weizhen" />
    <beans>
        <!--spring可以自动扫描base-pack下面的包或子包下面的Java文件-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="cn.weizhen" />
        <!--映射器：配置annotation类型的处理映射器-->
        <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping" />
        <!--适配器：配置annotation类型的处理器适配器-->
        <bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter" />
        <!--解析器：配置annotation类型的视图解析器-->
        <bean  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" />
        <!--由于使用了注解类型，因此不需要再在配置文件中使用XML描述Bean，Spring使用扫描机制查找应用程序中所有基于注解的控制器类。base-pack指定了spring扫描的包-->
        <!--<bean name="/hello" class="cn.weizhen.HelloController" />-->
    </beans>
</beans>

上面的映射器、适配器、解析器只是为了显示配置，可省略。
修改HelloController.java:

package cn.weizhen;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    public static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HelloController.class);

    public HelloController() {
    }

    @RequestMapping({"/hello"})
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        logger.info("Did called handleRequest");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp");
        modelAndView.addObject("message", "Hello world");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}
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