iOS 用 长连接(websocket)实现,客户端和服务端即时
2018-04-01 本文已影响385人
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一、说明
2017年4月份公司,在做海外直播产品的时候,客户端需要实时显示些交互信息 ,刚开始由于产品处于验证阶段用户量少,就采用了轮寻的方式,每间隔15s(当然这也不及时),去服务器拉取一下信息。由于运营速度的加快,用户量很快就上来了,导致,服务器在高峰时段,资源被占满而无法响应。和服务端小伙伴商议后迅速采用,长连接的方式,来处理客户端和服务端不定时频繁发消息的业务。然后,在网上就找到了Facebook的SRWebSocket框架,更多信息参考 https://github.com/facebook/SocketRocket
二 、用法
1、 实现的功能
1.webSocket --- 开启长连接
2.webSocket --- 关闭长连接
3.webSocket --- 长连接连接失败,自动重连(连接10次)
4.webSocket --- 无网的时候网络检测(此时会停止心跳),有网的时候,自动重连
5.webSocket --- 和服务端建立连接后发送心跳
6.webSocket --- 给服务端发送数据
7.webSocket --- 接收服务端数据
2、以下是封装 SRWebSocket 的代码
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "SRWebSocket.h"
@interface WebSocketManager : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, strong) SRWebSocket *webSocket;
+ (instancetype)sharedSocketManager;//单例
- (void)connectServer;//建立长连接
- (void)SRWebSocketClose;//关闭长连接
- (void)sendDataToServer:(id)data;//发送数据给服务器
@end
主线程异步队列
#define dispatch_main_async_safe(block)\
if ([NSThread isMainThread]) {\
block();\
} else {\
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), block);\
}
#import "WebSocketManager.h"
@interface WebSocketManager()<SRWebSocketDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *heartBeatTimer; //心跳定时器
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSTimer *netWorkTestingTimer; //没有网络的时候检测网络定时器
@property (nonatomic, strong) dispatch_queue_t queue; //数据请求队列(串行队列)
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimeInterval reConnectTime; //重连时间
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *sendDataArray; //存储要发送给服务端的数据
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL isActivelyClose; //用于判断是否主动关闭长连接,如果是主动断开连接,连接失败的代理中,就不用执行 重新连接方法
@end
@implementation WebSocketManager
//单例
+ (instancetype)sharedSocketManager
{
static WebSocketManager *_instace = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken,^{
_instace = [[self alloc] init];
});
return _instace;
}
- (instancetype)init
{
self = [super init];
if(self)
{
self.reConnectTime = 0;
self.isActivelyClose = NO;
self.queue = dispatch_queue_create("BF",NULL);
self.sendDataArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
}
return self;
}
#pragma mark - NSTimer
//初始化心跳
- (void)initHeartBeat
{
//心跳没有被关闭
if(self.heartBeatTimer)
{
return;
}
[self destoryHeartBeat];
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
weakSelf.heartBeatTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:10 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(senderheartBeat) userInfo:nil repeats:true];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]addTimer:weakSelf.heartBeatTimer forMode:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
});
}
//取消心跳
- (void)destoryHeartBeat
{
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
if(weakSelf.heartBeatTimer)
{
[weakSelf.heartBeatTimer invalidate];
weakSelf.heartBeatTimer = nil;
}
});
}
//没有网络的时候开始定时 -- 用于网络检测
- (void)noNetWorkStartTestingTimer
{
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:weakSelf selector:@selector(noNetWorkStartTesting) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
[[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];
});
}
//取消网络检测
- (void)destoryNetWorkStartTesting
{
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
if(weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer)
{
[weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer invalidate];
weakSelf.netWorkTestingTimer = nil;
}
});
}
#pragma mark - private -- webSocket相关方法
//发送心跳
- (void)senderheartBeat
{
//和服务端约定好发送什么作为心跳标识,尽可能的减小心跳包大小
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_OPEN)
{
[weakSelf.webSocket sendPing:nil];
}
});
}
//定时检测网络
- (void)noNetWorkStartTesting
{
//有网络
if(AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus != AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable)
{
//关闭网络检测定时器
[self destoryNetWorkStartTesting];
//开始重连
[self reConnectServer];
}
}
//建立长连接
- (void)connectServer
{
self.isActivelyClose = NO;
if(self.webSocket)
{
self.webSocket = nil;
}
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"ws://ip地址:端口号"]];
self.webSocket = [[SRWebSocket alloc] initWithURLRequest:request];
self.webSocket.delegate = self;
[self.webSocket open];
}
//重新连接服务器
- (void)reConnectServer
{
if(self.webSocket.readyState == SR_OPEN)
{
return;
}
if(self.reConnectTime > 1024) //重连10次 2^10 = 1024
{
self.reConnectTime = 0;
return;
}
WS(weakSelf);
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(self.reConnectTime *NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_OPEN && weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_CONNECTING)
{
return;
}
[weakSelf connectServer];
CTHLog(@"正在重连......");
if(weakSelf.reConnectTime == 0) //重连时间2的指数级增长
{
weakSelf.reConnectTime = 2;
}
else
{
weakSelf.reConnectTime *= 2;
}
});
}
//关闭连接
- (void)SRWebSocketClose;
{
self.isActivelyClose = YES;
[self webSocketClose];
//关闭心跳定时器
[self destoryHeartBeat];
//关闭网络检测定时器
[self destoryNetWorkStartTesting];
}
//关闭连接
- (void)webSocketClose
{
if(self.webSocket)
{
[self.webSocket close];
self.webSocket = nil;
}
}
//发送数据给服务器
- (void)sendDataToServer:(id)data
{
[self.sendDataArray addObject:data];
[self sendeDataToServer];
}
- (void)sendeDataToServer
{
WS(weakSelf);
//把数据放到一个请求队列中
dispatch_async(self.queue, ^{
//没有网络
if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable)
{
//开启网络检测定时器
[weakSelf noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];
}
else //有网络
{
if(weakSelf.webSocket != nil)
{
// 只有长连接OPEN开启状态才能调 send 方法,不然会Crash
if(weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_OPEN)
{
if (weakSelf.sendDataArray.count > 0)
{
NSString *data = weakSelf.sendDataArray[0];
[weakSelf.webSocket send:data]; //发送数据
[weakSelf.sendDataArray removeObjectAtIndex:0];
if([weakSelf.sendDataArray count] > 0)
{
[weakSelf sendeDataToServer];
}
}
}
else if (weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_CONNECTING) //正在连接
{
CTHLog(@"正在连接中,重连后会去自动同步数据");
}
else if (weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_CLOSING || weakSelf.webSocket.readyState == SR_CLOSED) //断开连接
{
//调用 reConnectServer 方法重连,连接成功后 继续发送数据
[weakSelf reConnectServer];
}
}
else
{
[weakSelf connectServer]; //连接服务器
}
}
});
}
#pragma mark - SRWebSocketDelegate -- webSockect代理
//连接成功回调
- (void)webSocketDidOpen:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket
{
CTHLog(@"webSocket === 连接成功");
[self initHeartBeat]; //开启心跳
//如果有尚未发送的数据,继续向服务端发送数据
if ([self.sendDataArray count] > 0){
[self sendeDataToServer];
}
}
//连接失败回调
- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
//用户主动断开连接,就不去进行重连
if(self.isActivelyClose)
{
return;
}
[self destoryHeartBeat]; //断开连接时销毁心跳
CTHLog(@"连接失败,这里可以实现掉线自动重连,要注意以下几点");
CTHLog(@"1.判断当前网络环境,如果断网了就不要连了,等待网络到来,在发起重连");
CTHLog(@"3.连接次数限制,如果连接失败了,重试10次左右就可以了");
//判断网络环境
if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable) //没有网络
{
[self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];//开启网络检测定时器
}
else //有网络
{
[self reConnectServer];//连接失败就重连
}
}
//连接关闭,注意连接关闭不是连接断开,关闭是 [socket close] 客户端主动关闭,断开可能是断网了,被动断开的。
- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didCloseWithCode:(NSInteger)code reason:(NSString *)reason wasClean:(BOOL)wasClean
{
// 在这里判断 webSocket 的状态 是否为 open , 大家估计会有些奇怪 ,因为我们的服务器都在海外,会有些时间差,经过测试,我们在进行某次连接的时候,上次重连的回调刚好回来,而本次重连又成功了,就会误以为,本次没有重连成功,而再次进行重连,就会出现问题,所以在这里做了一下判断
if(self.webSocket.readyState == SR_OPEN || self.isActivelyClose)
{
return;
}
CTHLog(@"被关闭连接,code:%ld,reason:%@,wasClean:%d",code,reason,wasClean);
[self destoryHeartBeat]; //断开连接时销毁心跳
//判断网络环境
if (AFNetworkReachabilityManager.sharedManager.networkReachabilityStatus == AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable) //没有网络
{
[self noNetWorkStartTestingTimer];//开启网络检测
}
else //有网络
{
[self reConnectServer];//连接失败就重连
}
}
//该函数是接收服务器发送的pong消息,其中最后一个参数是接受pong消息的
-(void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didReceivePong:(NSData*)pongPayload
{
NSString* reply = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:pongPayload encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
CTHLog(@"reply === 收到后台心跳回复 Data:%@",reply);
}
//收到服务器发来的数据
- (void)webSocket:(SRWebSocket *)webSocket didReceiveMessage:(id)message
{
NSMutableDictionary *dataDic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithJsonString:message];
/*根据具体的业务做具体的处理*/
}
@end
三、注意事项
1、每次重连接的时候需要重新建立连接通道
2、由于按home键APP进入后台,仍然要保持长连接通道不被系统立即断掉,需要在 AppDelegate 中做以下处理,向系统申请资源,不过这个资源申请也是有限的,最多只有 10分钟。也可以实现无限后台机制,这里不做介绍
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application{
UIApplication* app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
__block UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier bgTask;
bgTask = [app beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (bgTask != UIBackgroundTaskInvalid)
{
bgTask = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid;
}
});
}];
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
if (bgTask != UIBackgroundTaskInvalid)
{
bgTask = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid;
}
});
});
}
四、总结
这个框架使用起来不难,只是在使用的时候需要考虑的情况有些多,理清思路就好了,如有不足之处,希望多多指教 。