关于Python的模块

Python的模块

• 在python中，任何一个python文件都可以看作一个模块
• 不同包下有相同模块名并不会冲突，且包下必须有文件__init__.py
• from lib import * 意思是从包lib中导入所有模块(若lib为模块名则为导入模块的所有函数)
• from lib.module1 import test 意思是从lib这个包下的module1模块中导入函数test
• import导入模块时会从sys.path输出的结果路径中查找模块然后导入
• sys.path.append('D:/xx/xx/xx/code')可以添加搜索路径
• 使用if __name__ == '__main__':

实例

• 文件结构如下
  {{% fluid_img src="/img/post/python_module_file_tree.png" alt="模块目录结构.png" %}}

• 测试文件test.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from package1 import * #导入包package1下的所有模块
import package2.module3 #导入包package2下的module3模块
import package2.module4 as s #导入包package2下的module4模块并重命名为s

a = module1.Class1() #创建一个对象
a.test() #调用类中的方法

b = module2.Class2()
b.test()

c = package2.module3.Class3()
c.test()

d = s.Class4()
d.test()

• 包package1

  • init.py

  #这个文件可以为空
  
  __all__ = ['module1', 'module2'] #有这一句才能使用import *导入所有模块
  

  • module1.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  'this is test moudle'
  
  __author__ = 'reber'
  
  import sys
  
  class Class1(object):
      """docstring for Class1"""
      def __init__(self):
          super(Class1, self).__init__()
          
      def test(self):
          print "package1 -> module1.py -> Class1 -> test()"
  
      def main(self):
          print "this is module1.py main()"
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub11 = Class1()
      sub11.test()
      sub11.main()
  

  • module2.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  'this is test moudle'
  
  __author__ = 'reber'
  
  import sys
  
  class Class2(object):
      """docstring for Class1"""
      def __init__(self):
          super(Class2, self).__init__()
          
      def test(self):
          print "package1 -> module2.py -> Class2 -> test()"
  
      def main(self):
          print "this is module2.py main()"
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub11 = Class2()
      sub11.test()
      sub11.main()
  

• 包package2

  • init.py

  
  __all__ = ['module3', 'module4']
  

  • module3.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  'this is test moudle'
  
  __author__ = 'reber'
  
  import sys
  
  class Class3(object):
      """docstring for Class1"""
      def __init__(self):
          super(Class3, self).__init__()
          
      def test(self):
          print "package2 -> module3.py -> Class3 -> test()"
  
      def main(self):
          print "this is module3.py main()"
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub11 = Class3()
      sub11.test()
      sub11.main()
  

  • module4.py

  #!/usr/bin/env python
  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  'this is test moudle'
  
  __author__ = 'reber'
  
  import sys
  
  class Class4(object):
      """docstring for Class4"""
      def __init__(self):
          super(Class4, self).__init__()
          
      def test(self):
          print "package2 -> module4.py -> Class4 -> test()"
  
      def main(self):
          print "this is module4.py main()"
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      sub11 = Class4()
      sub11.test()
      sub11.main()
  

• 执行python test.py结果

  
  python_module_test_result.png