❤️20190315-社会心理学-03《社会信念和判断》摘录名言

“你根本不知道自己在想什。“——乔纳森·斯威夫特, 《礼貌会话》( Polite Conversation), 1738

“ONCE YOU HAVE A BELIEF, IT INFLUENCES HOW YOU PERCEIVE ALL OTHER RELEVANT INFOR- MATION. ONCE YOU SEE A COUNTRY AS HOSTILE, YOU ARE LIKELY TO INTERPRET AMBIGUOUS ACTIONS ON THEIR PART AS SIGNIFYING THEIR HOSTILITY.”—POLITICAL SCIENTIST ROBERT JERVIS (1985）

P80 一旦你形成了某种信仰，它就会影响你对其他所有相关信息的知觉。一旦你将某个国家视为敌人，你就倾向于将其模棱两可的行为，诠释为表示敌意。——政治学家( Robert Jervis,1985)

“THE ERROR OF OUR EYE DIRECTS OUR MIND: WHAT ERROR LEADS MUST ERR.”  —SHAKESPEARE,  TROILUS AND CRESSIDA,  1601–1602

P81  我们眼里的错误引导着我们的心灵：错误导致的也必定是谬误。—— 莎士比亚 《特洛埃围城记》

“WE HEAR AND  APPREHEND ONLY WHAT WE ALREADY HALF KNOW.”  —HENRY DAVID THOREAU ,  1817–1862

P83 我们听到和领会到的，其实只是我们一知半解的东西。——亨利•大卫•梭罗

“MEMORY ISN’T LIKE READ- ING A BOOK: IT’S MORE LIKE WRITING A BOOK FROM FRAGMENTARY NOTES.”  —JOHN F. KIHLSTROM (1994)

P83 记忆与读书不同，它更像根据不连惯的笔记片段写一本书。

“没有人否认新的证据会改变一个人的信念。孩子们最终都会从坚信圣诞老人的信念中走出来。我们认为, 这种改变是很缓慢的,通常情况下比较有说服力的证据更多地是改变一种信念而不是创造一种信念。”-Lee Ross Mark Lepper (1980)

“A MAN SHOULD NEVER BE ASHAMED TO OWN THAT HE HAS BEEN IN THE WRONG, WHICH IS BUT SAYING IN OTHER WORDS, THAT HE IS WISER TODAY THAN HE WAS YESTERDAY.”  —JONATHAN SWIFT,  THOUGHTS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS,  1711

P84一个人也许从不会为承认自己曾经错了而羞愧,换白话说,他现在比以前更聪明了。”乔纳森・斯威夫特, Thoughts on Various Subjects, 1711

“TRAVEL IS GLAMOROUS ONLY IN RETROSPECT.”  —PAUL THEROUX, IN  THE OBSERVER

P84“旅行只有在回味时才是迷人的。”美国作家保罗・泰鲁( Paul Theroux),《观察者》

“VANITY PLAYS LURID TRICKS WITH OUR MEMORY.”  —NOVELIST JOSEPH CONRAD, 1857–1924

P85“虚荣和我们的记忆开了一个可怕的玩笑。”小说家约瑟夫・魔拉德,1857~1924

人们可以很好地过完一生,但却很难对未来作出预测避免可能的错误。——巴鲁克・菲施夫,1981

“THE WISE KNOW TOO WELL THEIR WEAKNESS TO ASSUME INFALLIBILITY; AND HE WHO KNOWS MOST, KNOWS BEST HOW LITTLE HE KNOWS.”  —THOMAS JEFFERSON,  WRITINGS

P90智者十分了解自己的弱点,因此决不会保证永不出错; 那些懂得最多的人也最清楚自己知之甚少。——托马斯・杰菲逊, Writings

REGARDING THE ATOMIC BOMB: “THAT IS THE BIG- GEST FOOL THING WE HAVE EVER DONE. THE BOMB WILL NEVER GO OFF, AND I SPEAK AS AN EXPERT IN EXPLOSIVES.”  —ADMIRAL WILLIAM LEAHY TO PRESIDENT TRUMAN, 1945

P90关于原子弹:“这是我们做过的最愚蠢的一件事。它永远也不会爆炸,我以一名爆破专家的身份这样说。”海军上将威廉・菜希( William Leahy,1945) 对杜鲁门总统说

“WHEN YOU KNOW A THING, TO HOLD THAT YOU KNOW IT; AND WHEN YOU DO NOT KNOW A THING, TO ALLOW THAT YOU DO NOT KNOW IT; THIS IS KNOWLEDGE.”  —CONFUCIUS,  ANALECTS

P91知之为知之,不知为不知,是知也”一孔子,《论语》

“MOST PEOPLE REASON DRAMATICALLY, NOT QUANTITATIVELY.”  —JURIST OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, JR., 1841–1935

P94“大部分人的推理都是戏剧化的,而不是定量的”—一法学家奥利弗・温徳尔・霍姆斯,1809-1894

“TESTIMONIALS MAY BE MORE COMPELLING THAN MOUNTAINS OF FACTS AND FIGURES (AS MOUNTAINS OF FACTS AND FIGURES IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY SO COMPEL- LINGLY DEMONSTRATE).”  —MARK SNYDER (1988)

P95证书可能比大量的事实和数字更有说服力(社会心理学的大量事实和数字已经为这一说法提供了强有力的支持)。——马克·斯奈德,1988

判断一个教师或教授的全部热心和热情同样只需要一小段行为就够了一一仅仅几秒钟。——Ambady & Rosenthal, 1992, 1993

“AND IN IMAGINATION HE BEGAN TO RECALL THE BEST MOMENTS OF HIS PLEASANT LIFE. . . . BUT THE CHILD WHO HAD EXPE- RIENCED THAT HAPPINESS EXISTED NO LONGER, IT WAS LIKE A REMINISCENCE OF SOMEBODY ELSE.”  —LEO TOLSTOY,  THE DEATH OF IVAN ILYICH,  1886

P108 沉浸在想象之中，他开始回忆自己美好一生中最辉煌的时刻……但是记忆中无忧无虑的孩子已经不复存在了，就像回忆其他人一样。—— 列夫・托尔斯泰，《伊万里奇之死》，1886

“MOST POOR PEOPLE ARE NOT LAZY. . . . THEY CATCH THE EARLY BUS. THEY RAISE OTHER PEOPLE’S CHIL- DREN. THEY CLEAN THE STREETS. NO, NO, THEY’RE NOT LAZY.”—THE REVEREND JESSE JACKSON, ADDRESS TO THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL  CONVENTION, JULY 1988

P109大部分穷人并不懒……他们赶早班车……他们替别人抚养孩子……他们打扫街。不，不，他们真的不懒。—— 杰克逊于1988年7月在民主党全国大会上的演讲

“THE MORE HE TREATED HER AS THOUGH SHE WERE REALLY VERY NICE, THE MORE LOTTY EXPANDED AND BECAME REALLY VERY NICE, AND THE MORE HE, AFFECTED IN HIS TURN, BECAME REALLY VERY NICE HIMSELF; SO THAT THEY WENT ROUND AND ROUND, NOT IN A VICIOUS BUT IN A HIGHLY VIRTUOUS CIRCLE.”—ELIZABETH VON ARNIM, THE ENCHANTED APRIL, 1922

P114 “他那样对待她地,就好像她真的非常好,他越是这样, 罗蒂就越发心情舒畅并变得越来越好,并且他自己也受其彩响,变得非常好;如此循环往复,不是恶性而是良性的循环。”-Elizabeth von Arnim, The Enchanted April, 1922

“IN CREATING THESE PROBLEMS, WE DIDN’T SET OUT TO FOOL PEOPLE. ALL OUR PROBLEMS FOOLED US, TOO.”  —AMOS TVERSKY (1985)

P115 “在设计这些问题时,我们并非想要愚弄被试,我们提出的所有问题也愚弄了我们自己。”一阿莫斯・特韦尔斯碁(1985)

“THE PURPOSES IN THE HUMAN MIND ARE LIKE DEEP WATER, BUT THE INTELLIGENT WILL DRAW THEM OUT.”  —PROVERBS 20:5

P115 人类精神中的意图就像是一潭深水,但是智慧会把它们汲取出来。

人心似水，唯智汲之。——《圣经·箴言》20:5

“COGNITIVE ERRORS . . .  EXIST IN THE PRESENT BECAUSE THEY LED TO SURVIVAL AND REPRODUC- TIVE ADVANTAGES FOR HUMANS IN THE PAST.”  —EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLO- GISTS MARTIE HASELTON AND DAVID BUSS (2000)

P116 “认知错误…之所以到现在还存在,是因为它在过去曾经有利于人类的生存和繁衍。”进化心理学家哈兹尔顿和巴斯(2000）

“THE SPIRIT OF LIBERTY IS THE SPIRIT WHICH IS NOT TOO SURE THAT IT IS RIGHT; THE SPIRIT OF LIB- ERTY IS THE SPIRIT WHICH SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE MINDS OF OTHER MEN AND WOMEN; THE SPIRIT OF LIBERTY IS THE SPIRIT WHICH WEIGHS THEIR INTERESTS ALONGSIDE ITS OWN WITHOUT BIAS.”  —LEARNED HAND, “THE SPIRIT OF LIBERTY,” 1952

P116 “自由精神就是对正确与否并不绝对确信的精神;自由精神就是去尝试了解其他男人和女人思想的精神;自由精神就是摒弃偏见,根据兴趣自身来选择的精神。”一美国著名法官 Earned Hand, The Spirit of Liberty, 1952

“ROB THE AVERAGE MAN OF HIS LIFE-ILLUSION, AND YOU ROB HIM ALSO OF HIS HAPPINESS.”—HENRIK IBSEN, THE WILD DUCK, 1884

P117 “剥夺普通人的生活错觉,就等于剥夺他的幸福。”一易ト生,《野鸭》,1884