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源码分析之ReentrantLock

2017-03-22  本文已影响300人  特立独行的猪手

ReentrantLock类是属于java.util.concurrent的。实现了Lock, java.io.Serializable两个接口,是一个可重入的互斥锁,所谓可重入是线程可以重复获取已经持有的锁。

 /**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock}.
     * This is equivalent to using {@code ReentrantLock(false)}.
     */
    public ReentrantLock() {
        sync = new NonfairSync();
    }

    /**
     * Creates an instance of {@code ReentrantLock} with the
     * given fairness policy.
     *
     * @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
     */
    public ReentrantLock(boolean fair) {
        sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
    }
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

ReentrantLock实现锁的机制是通过Sync进行操作的。Sync类是继承AbstractQueuedSynchronizer类的。这也就表明ReentrantLock是基于AQS的实现的。‘

Sync,FairSyncNonFairSync都是ReentrantLock的静态内部类。FairSyncNonFairSync又是Sync具体实现类,分别对应的是公平锁和非公平锁,公平主要是指按照FIFO原则顺序获取锁,非公平可以根据定义的规则来选择获得锁。

NonFairSync 源码分析

非公平锁NonFairSyncReentrantLock默认的实现方式。这里可以看一下它的lock实现过程:

        /**
         * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
         * acquire on failure.
         */
        final void lock() {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else
                acquire(1);
        }

    protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
        // See below for intrinsics setup to support this
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
    }
    public final void acquire(int arg) {
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }
    protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
        

tryAcquire过程,将再次尝试获取锁,其中tryAcquire在静态内部类NonfairSync类中被重写,具体的实现是SyncnonfairTryAcquire方法:

        final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0) // overflow
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

其主要过程是先获取state的值,如果等于0,则通过CAS更新state的值。如果state不为0,则判断当前线程是否是锁的持有者,如果是,则将state加1,返回true

如果tryAcquire仍然失败的话,首先会调用addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE),将当前线程加入到等待队列的尾部。然后会调用acquireQueued方法,acquireQueued的作用主要是用来阻塞线程的:

    /**
     * Acquires in exclusive uninterruptible mode for thread already in
     * queue. Used by condition wait methods as well as acquire.
     *
     * @param node the node
     * @param arg the acquire argument
     * @return {@code true} if interrupted while waiting
     */
    final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }

这里是一个循环自旋操作,在阻塞线程之前,首先判断线程自身前面的节点是否是head节点,如果是,则重新去获取锁,获取成功后,返回,并取消不断获取的过程。如果不是,调用shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire方法去判断是否应该阻塞当前线程,主要是通过节点的waitStatus来进行判断。

FairSync 源码分析

公平锁FairSync和非公平锁NonFairSync的实现很相似,这里比较一下两者的差别。

        final void lock() {
            acquire(1);
        }
        /**
         * Fair version of tryAcquire.  Don't grant access unless
         * recursive call or no waiters or is first.
         */
        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

unlock() 释放锁

释放锁没有区分公平和非公平的。主要的工作就是减小state的值。当state等0的时候,释放锁并唤醒队里中其他线程来获取锁。

        public void unlock() {
            sync.release(1);
        }
        public final boolean release(int arg) {
            if (tryRelease(arg)) {
                Node h = head;
                if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                    unparkSuccessor(h);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
        }

总结

如有纰漏,还望指正。

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