which从句

介词 + which 引导定语从句

This will search in current folder, but skip the `Carthage` and `Pods` folder, in which there might be some third party resources you do not want to touch.

* 这里介词用的是in，in there，其实there就是 the `Carthage` and `Pods` folder,
* in which 引导的从句，修饰限定 the `Carthage` and `Pods` folder
*  might be some third party resources you do not want to touch.：可能是一些你不想touch的第三方资源
翻译：这将搜索当前文件夹，但跳过`可能是一些你不想touch的第三方资源的` "Carthage"和"Pods"文件夹。
* in which 只能用在定语从句中

It is a theory / to which many economists subscribe , but in practice it often leaves railroads in position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.

* theory 理论； subscribe 订阅；支持，赞同
* in practice 实践中
* It is a  XXXX 的理论
* 一般是to subscribe， 所以这里which前的介词是to
* 介词 + which 引导定语从句，修饰限定 theory
* `许多经济学家赞同、但在实践中，它往往使铁路处于决定哪家公司兴盛，哪家公司倒闭的境地的`理论
* 翻译： 这是一个许多经济学家赞同、但在实践中，它往往使铁路处于决定哪家公司兴盛，哪家公司倒闭的境地的理论

名词 ， which

The name of this project comes from the Chinese word 蜂鸟 (hummingbird), which is the smallest bird in the world.

* 这里which引导的从句，是用来补充说明前面的内容，补充说明蜂鸟

He helped popularize the idea / that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, / which aroused much controversy / when it was first suggested.

* 首先找到3个引导词： that 、 which 、 when
* 接下来找到动词：  helped 、 thought 、 were、 aroused 、 was suggested
* aroused 属于which从句的谓语动词 
* was suggested 是when从句的谓语动词
* not 用来否定 thought, 因为我们知道谓语动词不能直接用not来否定, 这里thought不是谓语动词
* were就是that 从句的谓语动词
* 所以真正主干的谓语动词就是 helped
* that从句是一个完整的句子，它用来解释抽象名词idea, 是同位语从句
* popularize  普及
* which aroused much controversy 从句用来补充说明前面内容，idea
* 翻译：他帮助普及了以前认为不是细菌原因的疾病实际上就是感染的想法，因此，在提出该建议时引起了很大的争议

As scared(神圣的) place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

* however + adj.形容词   这时候however 表示 “无论 。。。”
* crude 原始的，粗糙的 ；distinctly 明确地
* as opposed to 与...相反；
* which 从句用来补充说明前面的 shelter
* 翻译 : 和平之地，无论多么简陋，都分明是人类的需要，与避难所相反，避难所是动物的需要

which 引导定语从句

Tylor defined culture as “… that” complex whole / which includes belief, art, morals , law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

* 引导词 which；当出现名词 + which 时不用思考, 它就是定语从句.
*  主干 : Tylaor 把文化定义为 “那个复杂的整体”.
* which从句用来修饰和限定前面的 “复杂的整体”， 包括信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习惯... 的复杂的整体
* belief 信仰  morals 道德  custom 习俗
* any other capabilities and habits 任何其他能力和习惯
* acquired by man as a member of society 人类作为社会成员所具备的，作为后置定语修饰 any other capabilities and habits
* 翻译：泰勒把文化定义为"那个"复杂的整体，包括信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习惯以及人类作为社会成员所具备的任何其他能力和习惯