Android 项目中资源文件 -- assets目录文件的访

2020-06-10  本文已影响0人  __Witness

在上一篇 Android 项目中资源文件 -- asset 目录和 res 目录 中,我们简单记录了一下assets和res目录下的文件的异同。这篇就简单介绍一下Android 项目中资源文件 -- assets目录文件的访问

assets简介

Android项目中的assets目录结构图

如图所示,在Android Studio项目中的根目录下,就会有一个assets的文件目录(若不存在,可以自己新建)。它里面创建存储:图像、音视频、字体、数据库等等。之所以说它适合用来管理这些文件,是因为程序在编译时不会去处理这个目录下的文件,但是会将它们打包进apk中。而其他你随便创建的目录在编译时就会被直接忽略掉。还可以在assets文件中创建子目录,方便分类管理。

在assets目录的使用上有一点是要注意的:(这点之前没有说到过)
assets目录内的文件在程序打包发布以后是只读的。只可读取不可修改。

assets使用

assets目录文件的访问,不同res文件的访问。Android中提供了一个专门的 android.content.res.AssetManager 类用来对assets文件的访问。

AssetManager类结构局部截图

从上面AssetManager类的结构图来看,他提供的api方法很多。但是我们需要重点关注的就以下几个方法:

构造方法

通常情况下,我们要获取AssetManager对象的实例时,不需要使用new的方式。通过下面的方式获取:

open(string) & open(string,int) 方法

open(String fileName) 方法

    /**
     * Open an asset using ACCESS_STREAMING mode.  This provides access to
     * files that have been bundled with an application as assets -- that is,
     * files placed in to the "assets" directory.
     * 
     * @param fileName The name of the asset to open.  This name can be hierarchical.
     * 
     * @see #open(String, int)
     * @see #list
     */
    public @NonNull InputStream open(@NonNull String fileName) throws IOException {
        return open(fileName, ACCESS_STREAMING);
    }

open(@NonNull String fileName, int accessMode) 方法

/**
     * Open an asset using an explicit access mode, returning an InputStream to
     * read its contents.  This provides access to files that have been bundled
     * with an application as assets -- that is, files placed in to the
     * "assets" directory.
     * 
     * @param fileName The name of the asset to open.  This name can be hierarchical.
     * @param accessMode Desired access mode for retrieving the data.
     * 
     * @see #ACCESS_UNKNOWN
     * @see #ACCESS_STREAMING
     * @see #ACCESS_RANDOM
     * @see #ACCESS_BUFFER
     * @see #open(String)
     * @see #list
     */
    public @NonNull InputStream open(@NonNull String fileName, int accessMode) throws IOException {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(fileName, "fileName");
        synchronized (this) {
            ensureOpenLocked();
            final long asset = nativeOpenAsset(mObject, fileName, accessMode);
            if (asset == 0) {
                throw new FileNotFoundException("Asset file: " + fileName);
            }
            final AssetInputStream assetInputStream = new AssetInputStream(asset);
            incRefsLocked(assetInputStream.hashCode());
            return assetInputStream;
        }
    }

这两个方法的作用是一样的。都是将assets 目录下的某个文件封装成 InputStream 的形式供使用。

参数

访问模式 说明
ACCESS_UNKNOW 无模式。其代表的值是 0
ACCESS_RANDOM 这个不应该翻译成随机访问模式,无序访问模式会更适合一点。这种模式下文件的访问只会打开其中一段内容,然后再根据你的需要向流的前方或后方移动读取指针。其代表的值是 1
ACCESS_STREAMING 顺序读取模式。文件将会被从头部打开,然后按顺序向后面移动读取数据。其代表的值是 2
ACCESS_BUFFER 缓存读取模式。读取时会将整个文件直接读取到内存中,这种模式适合小文件的读取。其代表的值是 3

在 open(string) 中,它使用的文件读取模式是 ACCESS_STREAMING 模式。

openFd(string) 方法
    /**
     * Open an uncompressed asset by mmapping it and returning an {@link AssetFileDescriptor}.
     * This provides access to files that have been bundled with an application as assets -- that
     * is, files placed in to the "assets" directory.
     *
     * The asset must be uncompressed, or an exception will be thrown.
     *
     * @param fileName The name of the asset to open.  This name can be hierarchical.
     * @return An open AssetFileDescriptor.
     */
    public @NonNull AssetFileDescriptor openFd(@NonNull String fileName) throws IOException {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(fileName, "fileName");
        synchronized (this) {
            ensureOpenLocked();
            final ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = nativeOpenAssetFd(mObject, fileName, mOffsets);
            if (pfd == null) {
                throw new FileNotFoundException("Asset file: " + fileName);
            }
            return new AssetFileDescriptor(pfd, mOffsets[0], mOffsets[1]);
        }
    }

将 assets 目录中的文件以 FileDescriptor 的形式打开,返回一个 AssetFileDescriptor 实例。

openNonAssetFd(string) & openNonAssetFd(int,string) 方法
    /**
     * Open a non-asset as an asset by mmapping it and returning an {@link AssetFileDescriptor}.
     * This provides direct access to all of the files included in an application
     * package (not only its assets).  Applications should not normally use this.
     *
     * The asset must not be compressed, or an exception will be thrown.
     *
     * @param fileName Name of the asset to retrieve.
     */
    public @NonNull AssetFileDescriptor openNonAssetFd(@NonNull String fileName)
            throws IOException {
        return openNonAssetFd(0, fileName);
    }
    /**
     * Open a non-asset as an asset by mmapping it and returning an {@link AssetFileDescriptor}.
     * This provides direct access to all of the files included in an application
     * package (not only its assets).  Applications should not normally use this.
     *
     * The asset must not be compressed, or an exception will be thrown.
     *
     * @param cookie Identifier of the package to be opened.
     * @param fileName Name of the asset to retrieve.
     */
    public @NonNull AssetFileDescriptor openNonAssetFd(int cookie, @NonNull String fileName)
            throws IOException {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(fileName, "fileName");
        synchronized (this) {
            ensureOpenLocked();
            final ParcelFileDescriptor pfd =
                    nativeOpenNonAssetFd(mObject, cookie, fileName, mOffsets);
            if (pfd == null) {
                throw new FileNotFoundException("Asset absolute file: " + fileName);
            }
            return new AssetFileDescriptor(pfd, mOffsets[0], mOffsets[1]);
        }
    }

这个方法其实和上面的openFd() 是一样的。只不过它是跳出了 assets 目录的范围限定,是站在工程根目录的视角来打开文件的 FileDescriptor 的。换句话说,它允许打开 APK中任意位置文件的 AssetFileDescriptor 实例。

openXmlResourceParser(int,string) 方法
    /**
     * Retrieve a parser for a compiled XML file.
     * 
     * @param cookie Identifier of the package to be opened.
     * @param fileName The name of the file to retrieve.
     */
    public @NonNull XmlResourceParser openXmlResourceParser(int cookie, @NonNull String fileName)
            throws IOException {
        try (XmlBlock block = openXmlBlockAsset(cookie, fileName)) {
            XmlResourceParser parser = block.newParser();
            // If openXmlBlockAsset doesn't throw, it will always return an XmlBlock object with
            // a valid native pointer, which makes newParser always return non-null. But let's
            // be paranoid.
            if (parser == null) {
                throw new AssertionError("block.newParser() returned a null parser");
            }
            return parser;
        }
    }

打开 assets 目录下的 xml 文件,直接返回 XmlResourceParser 实例。就是官方替我们做了从 InputStream 到 XML 解析器之间的转换。

assets使用举例

最普通的读取 assets 目录的文件

try {
    InputStream is = this.getAssets().open("aaa.png");
    Log.d("type1", "File available:" + is.available());

    InputStream is2 = this.getResources().getAssets().open("bbb.png");
    Log.d("type1", "File available2:" + is2.available());
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

注意:最后一定不要忘记将用完了的流关闭

读取自定义目录层级的文件的方法。

try {
    InputStream is = this.getAssets().open("a/b/c.png");
    Log.d("type2", "File available:" + is.available());

} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

以文件描述符形式读取

//这里将一张图片以 AssetFileDescriptor 的形式读取出来,并转换成 Bitmap 显示在 ImageView 上
try {
    AssetFileDescriptor afd = this.getAssets().openFd("river.png");
    Log.d("type3", "File available:" + afd.getLength());

    InputStream is = afd.createInputStream();
    Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);

    is.close();
    afd.close();

    iv.setImageBitmap(bm);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
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