1.单例模式

2020-11-24  本文已影响0人  celusing

https://www.cnblogs.com/sunchaothu/p/10389842.html

1.懒汉式

#include <iostream>
// version1:
// with problems below:
// 1. thread is not safe
// 2. memory leak

class Singleton{
private:
    Singleton(){
        std::cout<<"constructor called!"<<std::endl;
    }
    Singleton(Singleton&)=delete;
    Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&)=delete;
    static Singleton* m_instance_ptr;
public:
    ~Singleton(){
        std::cout<<"destructor called!"<<std::endl;
    }
    static Singleton* get_instance(){
        if(m_instance_ptr==nullptr){
              m_instance_ptr = new Singleton;
        }
        return m_instance_ptr;
    }
    void use() const { std::cout << "in use" << std::endl; }
};

Singleton* Singleton::m_instance_ptr = nullptr;

int main(){
    Singleton* instance = Singleton::get_instance();
    Singleton* instance_2 = Singleton::get_instance();
    return 0;
}

缺点:

2.改进版懒汉式

#include <iostream>
#include <memory> // shared_ptr
#include <mutex>  // mutex

// version 2:
// with problems below fixed:
// 1. thread is safe now
// 2. memory doesn't leak

class Singleton{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<Singleton> Ptr;
    ~Singleton(){
        std::cout<<"destructor called!"<<std::endl;
    }
    Singleton(Singleton&)=delete;
    Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&)=delete;
    static Ptr get_instance(){

        // "double checked lock"
        if(m_instance_ptr==nullptr){
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(m_mutex);
            if(m_instance_ptr == nullptr){
              m_instance_ptr = std::shared_ptr<Singleton>(new Singleton);
            }
        }
        return m_instance_ptr;
    }


private:
    Singleton(){
        std::cout<<"constructor called!"<<std::endl;
    }
    static Ptr m_instance_ptr;
    static std::mutex m_mutex;
};

// initialization static variables out of class
Singleton::Ptr Singleton::m_instance_ptr = nullptr;
std::mutex Singleton::m_mutex;

int main(){
    Singleton::Ptr instance = Singleton::get_instance();
    Singleton::Ptr instance2 = Singleton::get_instance();
    return 0;
}

优点:

缺点:

3.最推荐的懒汉式(magic static)-局部静态变量

#include <iostream>

class Singleton
{
public:
    ~Singleton(){
        std::cout<<"destructor called!"<<std::endl;
    }
    Singleton(const Singleton&)=delete;
    Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&)=delete;
    static Singleton& get_instance(){
        static Singleton instance;
        return instance;

    }
private:
    Singleton(){
        std::cout<<"constructor called!"<<std::endl;
    }
};

主要利用到c++ 11的static的一个特性:

If control enters the declaration concurrently while the variable is being initialized, the concurrent execution shall wait for completion of the initialization.
如果当变量在初始化的时候,并发同时进入声明语句,并发线程将会阻塞等待初始化结束。

这样保证了并发线程在获取静态局部变量的时候一定是初始化过的,所以具有线程安全性。

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读