Java技术日志

MYSQL数据库常用基本设置

2018-12-06  本文已影响13人  梁朋举

问题1:MYSQL数据库字符集设置

当MYSQL插入数据时,出现下面的错误,基本判断是字段的字符集不支持,常用解决方式有2种:
(1)过滤掉非法字符串

content = content.replaceAll("[\\x{10000}-\\x{10FFFF}]", "");

(2)设置MYSQL数据库字符集、表字符集、字段字符集,最好用utf8mb4字符集。

Cause: java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x8D\x8B\xE6\x9F...' for column 'nickname' at row 1
ALTER DATABASE db_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...];
ALTER TABLE tb_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...]
示例:
[字符集 utf8,排序规则 utf8_general_ci]
ALTER TABLE user CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
[字符集 utf8mb4,排序规则 utf8mb4_general_ci]
ALTER TABLE user CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

ALTER TABLE tbl_name DEFAULT CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE...];
示例:
[字符集 utf8,排序规则 utf8_general_ci]
ALTER TABLE user DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
ALTER TABLE tb_name CHANGE c_name c_name CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...];
示例:
[字符集 utf8,排序规则 utf8_general_ci]
ALTER TABLE user CHANGE name name VARCHAR(100) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
SHOW CREATE DATABASE db_name;
SHOW CREATE TABLE tb_name;
SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM tb_name;

上述问题建议解决方案:
(1)修改MYSQL配置文件my.ini中的数据库默认编码,并重启数据库
utf8mb4编码有两种常用的排序规则:分别是utf8mb4_general_ci和utf8mb4_unicode_ci,两种排序规则都是为UTF-8字符编码。
utf8mb4_unicode_ci:使用标准的Unicode Collation Algorithm(UCA),结果更加精确,速度稍慢一些
utf8mb4_general_ci:速度较快
建议使用:utf8mb4_unicode_ci

[client] 
default-character-set = utf8mb4 
[mysql] 
default-character-set = utf8mb4 
[mysqld] 
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE 
character-set-server = utf8mb4 
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci 
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

(2)去掉配置文件中 jdbc 连接里面的编码设置

jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo

(3)修改数据库表的字符编码设置
(4) 修改对应表的字段的设置

问题2: mysql传输数据过大 max_allowed_packet配置

解决 mysql package for query is too large 错误
mysql根据配置文件会限制server接受的数据包大小,有时候大的插入和更新会受max_allowed_packet 参数限制,导致写入或者更新失败。
max_allowed_packet 如果不设置,默认值在不同的 MySQL 版本表现不同,有的版本默认1M,有的版本默认4M。

vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
max_allowed_packet = 100M

(2)命令行方式修改
进入mysql server
在mysql 命令行中运行
set global max_allowed_packet = 20*1024*1024
然后关闭掉这此mysql server链接,再进入。
show VARIABLES like '%max_allowed_packet%';
查看下max_allowed_packet是否编辑成功

上述方法设置后,虽然会生效,但是会出现过一段时间mysql有自动重置该配置,解决这个问题
mysql 有general_log, 会记录所有执行的sql命令,因为耗费性能,默认是关闭。
打开general_log即可

mysql> set global general_log = ON;
mysql> show variables like 'max_allowed_packet';
+--------------------+------------+
| Variable_name      | Value      |
+--------------------+------------+
| max_allowed_packet | 1073741824 |
+--------------------+------------+
1 row in set

mysql> show variables like '%log%';
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name                           | Value                    |
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| back_log                                | 80                       |
| binlog_cache_size                       | 32768                    |
| binlog_checksum                         | CRC32                    |
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF                      |
| binlog_error_action                     | IGNORE_ERROR             |
| binlog_format                           | STATEMENT                |
| binlog_gtid_simple_recovery             | OFF                      |
| binlog_max_flush_queue_time             | 0                        |
| binlog_order_commits                    | ON                       |
| binlog_row_image                        | FULL                     |
| binlog_rows_query_log_events            | OFF                      |
| binlog_stmt_cache_size                  | 32768                    |
| binlogging_impossible_mode              | IGNORE_ERROR             |
| expire_logs_days                        | 0                        |
| general_log                             | OFF                      |
| general_log_file                        | WIN-K6C2K3F78NI.log      |
| innodb_api_enable_binlog                | OFF                      |
| innodb_flush_log_at_timeout             | 1                        |
| innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit          | 1                        |
| innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog          | OFF                      |
| innodb_log_buffer_size                  | 1048576                  |
| innodb_log_compressed_pages             | ON                       |
| innodb_log_file_size                    | 50331648                 |
| innodb_log_files_in_group               | 2                        |
| innodb_log_group_home_dir               | .\                       |
| innodb_mirrored_log_groups              | 1                        |
| innodb_online_alter_log_max_size        | 134217728                |
| innodb_undo_logs                        | 128                      |
| log_bin                                 | OFF                      |
| log_bin_basename                        |                          |
| log_bin_index                           |                          |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators         | OFF                      |
| log_bin_use_v1_row_events               | OFF                      |
| log_error                               | .\WIN-K6C2K3F78NI.err    |
| log_output                              | FILE                     |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes           | OFF                      |
| log_slave_updates                       | OFF                      |
| log_slow_admin_statements               | OFF                      |
| log_slow_slave_statements               | OFF                      |
| log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes  | 0                        |
| log_warnings                            | 1                        |
| max_binlog_cache_size                   | 18446744073709547520     |
| max_binlog_size                         | 1073741824               |
| max_binlog_stmt_cache_size              | 18446744073709547520     |
| max_relay_log_size                      | 0                        |
| relay_log                               |                          |
| relay_log_basename                      |                          |
| relay_log_index                         |                          |
| relay_log_info_file                     | relay-log.info           |
| relay_log_info_repository               | FILE                     |
| relay_log_purge                         | ON                       |
| relay_log_recovery                      | OFF                      |
| relay_log_space_limit                   | 0                        |
| simplified_binlog_gtid_recovery         | OFF                      |
| slow_query_log                          | ON                       |
| slow_query_log_file                     | WIN-K6C2K3F78NI-slow.log |
| sql_log_bin                             | ON                       |
| sql_log_off                             | OFF                      |
| sync_binlog                             | 0                        |
| sync_relay_log                          | 10000                    |
| sync_relay_log_info                     | 10000                    |
+-----------------------------------------+--------------------------+
61 rows in set (0.14 sec)

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