剑桥雅思考官范文精析: 小作文-数据图-静态图（1）:剑4 te

静态图是指没有时间上的数据变化的图表题，标志是给的是时间点，或者不给时间。剑4 test 1是其中比较典型的一道静态图。

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write about 150 words

考官范文 · 开头段：改写题干

The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

开头段解析

直接改写题干：The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

具体来说，主语the table照抄，谓语gives a breakdown of替换shows，the different types of family对应different categories of families. 至于in Australia in 1999是照抄过来的。这些都没什么难的。题干中的families后是用现在分词充当的后置定语，而范文则改用由who引导的定语从句来写。当然，对分词和定语从句转换稍微了解的话，这里也没什么难的。

需要注意的是，the proportion of这个信息没有写进去，对different categories改写后，出现了定冠词the。

总的来说，这个开头段背后涉及的语言技能不是很难。

考官范文 · 中间段1： 表述数据

On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.

中间段1解析

句1是对总量的介绍, 使用了两种表述数据的方法，还通过指代衔接上段，非常值得学习借鉴。

数据表述方法一：数据+of+数据对象，作主语。其后的句子成分对其进行解释说明。需要注意的是：采用“数据+of+数据对象”的，其数据多是以百分比形式呈现。

数据表述方法二：现在分词+数据。这里用的动词是comprise, 比较常用的还有：account for, take up, occupy等。

指代：指代是上下文衔接的常用手法。这里were in this position是在指代开头段中的living in poverty.

需要注意的：图表中给的总贫困人口不是two million，但考官并没有照抄，而是写成了almost two million。这种对复杂数据的简单处理方法值得学习。

另需要注意的是，在回应这篇静态图题型时，考官是把总量放在了中间段1的首句。；但在剑7 test 4的动态图范文中，考官则将总量放在了开头段："The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000.Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising horn 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France. "

句2是对六种family types中的sole parent和single, no children进行数据表述。

首先，使用However凸显在进行比较，回应写作任务。

其次，主语是those consisting of only one parent or a single adult，这部分先用代词those，其后的现在分词部分是对those进行的限定。从这句话可以得出这个结论：代词的出现不一定必须得在上文有相对应的内容才行，，也可以是先给代词，再对其限定。现在分词用的是动词短语consist of，高频用词，必备。 其后的only one parent=sole parent, a single adult=single, no children。 主要使用了同义替换中的同义词替换和关联词替换。

谓语之后的宾语较长。almost的使用很好理解，因为不是正好两倍。double在这里是副词！！！直接用副词表示倍数关系，简练，值得学习借鉴。其后的this proportion of poor people中的poor people，和上句的were in this position、开头段的family who were living in poverty是一个意思。这都是考官在在用不同的表达来回应题干。宾语后面加了个逗号，然后用由with+数据的形式表述数据。这是这篇范文中第三种表述数据的方法。需要注意的是,这里with后同时写了两个不同的数据，其后跟有副词respectively“各自地”。

数据表述方法三：with+数据（这里没写数据对象，是因为已经在前面写出来了。）

后面的几段明天再解析吧。

Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.

Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured elderly couples (only 4%) rather than single elderly people (6%).

Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.