Spring Boot系列之读取配置

2020-08-15  本文已影响0人  冯文议

使用SpringBoot框架开发,读取配置是少不了的,那么你会读取配置吗?你会写配置吗?List?Map?

u=218969035,460888786&fm=26&gp=0.jpg

1 目的

本节我们要解决如下几个问题:

2 读配置文件

Spring Boot默认的配置文件有两种格式: application.propertiesapplication.yml
查找顺序是首先从application.properties 查找,如果找不到,再查找 application.yml
优先级:application.properties > application.yml

首先,添加依赖。

Maven:

<!-- spring boot config -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

Gradle:

annotationProcessor 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-configuration-processor'

2.1 使用 @Value 读取配置

配置如下:

erwin.name=冯文议
erwin.age=20
erwin.sex=男
erwin.english-name=Erwin Feng
erwin.birthday=1992/02/26
erwin.like=movie,game,music,tea,travel
erwin.visitedCities=巴中,揭阳,广州,从化,成都,三亚,上海,杭州,北京
erwin.moreOther={myWeb:'https://fengwenyi.com',github:'https://github.com/fengwenyi'}

代码如下:

package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * @author Erwin Feng
 * @since 2020/8/11
 */
@Data
@Configuration
public class ReadConfigByValue {

    @Value("${erwin.name}")
    private String name;

    @Value("${erwin.age}")
    private Integer age;

    @Value("${erwin.sex}")
    private String sex;

    @Value("${erwin.english-name}")
    private String englishName;

    @Value("${erwin.birthday}")
    private Date birthday;

    @Value("${erwin.like}")
    private List<String> likes;

    @Value("#{'${erwin.visitedCities}'.split(',')}")
    private List<String> visitedCities;

    @Value("#{${erwin.moreOther}}")
    private Map<String, String> moreOther;
    
}

2.2 使用 @ConfigurationProperties 读取配置

配置如下(properties格式)

author.name=冯文议
author.age=20
author.sex=男
author.english-name=Erwin Feng
author.birthday=1992/02/26
author.like[0]=movie
author.like[1]=game
author.like[2]=music
author.like[3]=tea
author.like[4]=travel
author.visitedCities=巴中,揭阳,广州,从化,成都,三亚,上海,杭州,北京
author.moreOther.myWeb=https://fengwenyi.com
author.moreOther.github=https://github.com/fengwenyi

配置如下(yaml格式)

author:
  name: 冯文议-yml
  age: 20
  sex: 男
  english-name: Erwin Feng
  birthday: 1992/02/26
  like:
    - movie
    - game
    - music
    - tea
    - travel
  visitedCities: 巴中,揭阳,广州,从化,成都,三亚,上海,杭州,北京
  moreOther:
    myWeb: https://fengwenyi.com
    github: https://github.com/fengwenyi

代码如下:

package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author Erwin Feng
 * @since 2020/8/12
 */
@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "author")
public class AuthorConfig implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 9032405467573421607L;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    private String sex;

    private String englishName;

    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy/MM/dd")
    private Date birthday;

    private List<String> like;

    private List<String> visitedCities;

    private Map<String, String> moreOther;

}

读取出来的数据展示:

{
    "name":"冯文议",
    "age":20,
    "englishName":"Erwin Feng",
    "birthday":"1992/02/26",
    "likes":[
        "movie",
        "game",
        "music",
        "tea",
        "travel"
    ],
    "visitedCities":[
        "巴中",
        "揭阳",
        "广州",
        "从化",
        "成都",
        "三亚",
        "上海",
        "杭州",
        "北京"
    ],
    "moreOther":{
        "myWeb":"https://fengwenyi.com",
        "github":"https://github.com/fengwenyi"
    }
}

2.3 通过注入环境变量来获取配置信息

    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;

3 @Value 用法

3.1 设置默认值

格式:@Value("${name:defaultValue}")

当配置文件找不到这个配置时,就会返回默认值,如果没有默认值,就会报错。

3.2 可以直接读取系统的属性值

如:@Value("${java.home}")

D:\Java\Java8\jdk1.8.0_251\jre

3.3 可以用在方法和参数上,当做单元测试

    // 单元测试-读取配置文件的值
    @Value("${erwin.like}")
    public void testReadLike(String like, @Value("${erwin.sex}") String sex) {
        System.out.println("1===>" + like);
        System.out.println("1===>" + sex);
    }

参数 like 会取 @Value("${erwin.like}") 的值
参数 sex 会取 @Value("${erwin.sex}") 的值
经过测试,多个方法,执行顺序是随机。
特别注意:这个只是在启动的时候执行,但是实际调用的时候,还是传入的值。

3.4 读取list的值

方法一:配置文件:

erwin.like=movie,game,music,tea,travel

Java代码:

@Value("${erwin.like}")
private List<String> likes;

方法二:

erwin.visitedCities=巴中,揭阳,广州,从化,成都,三亚,上海,杭州,北京

Java代码:

@Value("#{'${erwin.visitedCities}'.split(',')}")
private List<String> visitedCities;

3.5 读取Map的值

配置文件:

erwin.moreOther={myWeb:'https://fengwenyi.com',github:'https://github.com/fengwenyi'}

Java代码:

@Value("#{${erwin.moreOther}}")
private Map<String, String> moreOther;

3.6 读取系统属性

@Value("#{systemProperties}")
private Map<String, String> systemPropertiesMap;

3.7 给私有属性赋值

@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:values.properties")
public class PriorityProvider {
 
    private String priority;
 
    @Autowired
    public PriorityProvider(@Value("${priority:normal}") String priority) {
        this.priority = priority;
    }
 
    // standard getter
}

4 @ConfigurationProperties

package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.config;

import com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.support.YamlPropertySourceFactory;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author Erwin Feng
 * @since 2020/8/13
 */
@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db")
//@PropertySource({"classpath:config/db.properties"})
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:config/db.yml"}, factory = YamlPropertySourceFactory.class)
public class DBConfig implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6527591545525817929L;

    /** 服务器地址 */
    private String host;

    /** 端口 */
    private Integer port;

    /** 数据库名 */
    private String dbName;

    /** 用户名 */
    private String username;

    /** 密码 */
    private String password;
}

配置文件:

db:
  host: localhost
  port: 3306
  db-name: test
  username: root
  password: 123456

说明:
1、@Configuration 表明这是一个Spring配置,会注入到Spring容器中。
2、@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db") 表示这个类与配置文件关联,其中prefix指明前缀。
3、@PropertySource 这个指明配置文件的位置,如果没有这个配置,则会从默认的配置文件读取。默认的配置文件:application.properties > application.yml。另外,这个默认只支持properties类型的文件,所以,需要配置factory。
4、@PropertySource也可以与@Value结合使用。

YamlPropertySourceFactory

package com.fengwenyi.spring_boot_config_sample.support;

import org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader;
import org.springframework.core.env.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.EncodedResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertySourceFactory;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author Erwin Feng
 * @since 2020/8/13
 */
public class YamlPropertySourceFactory implements PropertySourceFactory {
    @Override
    public PropertySource<?> createPropertySource(String name, EncodedResource resource) throws IOException {
        // 返回 yaml 属性资源
        return new YamlPropertySourceLoader()
                .load(resource.getResource().getFilename(), resource.getResource())
                .get(0);
    }
}

参考链接

关于

我是冯文议(Erwin Feng),Java Developer,专注于程序设计与开发。开源项目:JavaLib、api-result。喜欢电影、游戏、音乐、茶、旅行。
我的个人网站:https://fengwenyi.com
我的Github:https://github.com/fengwenyi

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